Bhagavad Gita

विश्वरूपदर्शनयोग (Vishwaroopa Darshana Yoga)

Containing 55 sacred Sanskrit shlokas with multi-author commentaries and translations.

Bhagavad Gita

विश्वरूपदर्शनयोग (Vishwaroopa Darshana Yoga), Verse 1

अर्जुन उवाच

मदनुग्रहाय परमं गुह्यमध्यात्मसंज्ञितम् ।

यत्त्वयोक्तं वचस्तेन मोहोऽयं विगतो मम ।।11.1।।

IAST Transliteration

arjuna uvācha

mad-anugrahāya paramaṁ guhyam adhyātma-sanjñitam

yat tvayoktaṁ vachas tena moho ’yaṁ vigato mama

Word-by-Word Anvaya (14 Words)

Padartha breakdown
arjunaḥ uvācha#1
Arjun said
mat-anugrahāya#2
out of compassion to me
paramam#3
supreme
guhyam#4
confidential
adhyātma-sanjñitam#5
about spiritual knowledge
yat#6
which
tvayā#7
by you
uktam#8
spoken
vachaḥ#9
words
tena#10
by that
mohaḥ#11
illusion
ayam#12
this
vigataḥ#13
is dispelled
mama#14
my
TRANSLATION LANGUAGE:
Translations (english)
Swami Adidevananda

"Arjuna said, "To show favor to me, You have told me that most profound mystery concerning the Self; by that, this delusion of mine has been dispelled.""

Swami Gambirananda

"Arjuna said, "This delusion of mine has departed as a result of that speech which is most secret and pertains to the Self, uttered by You for my benefit.""

Swami Sivananda

"Arjuna said, By this explanation of the highest secret concerning the Self which Thou hast spoken, for the sake of blessing me, my delusion has been dispelled."

Dr. S. Sankaranarayan

"Arjuna said, "My delusion has completely gone, thanks to the great and mysterious discourse, which is termed as a science governing the soul, and which You have delivered to me as a favor.""

Shri Purohit Swami

"Arjuna said: My Lord! Your words concerning the Supreme Secret of Self, given for my blessing, have dispelled the illusions that surrounded me."

Classical Commentaries (english)
Swami Sivananda

"After hearing the glories of the Lord? Arjuna has an intense longing to have the wonderful vision of the Cosmic Form with his own eyes. His bewilderment and delusion have now vanished.Adhyatma That which treats of the discrimination between the Self and the notSelf metaphysics.I was worried about the sin involved in killing my relations and preceptors. I had the ideas? I am the agent in killing them they are to be killed by me.This delusion has vanished now after receiving Thy most profound and valuable instructions. Thou hast dispelled this delusion of ignorance from me.The vision of the Cosmic Form is not the ultimate goal. If that were so? the Gita would have ended with this chapter. The vision of the Cosmic Form is also one more in a series of graded experiences. It is a terrible experience too. That is the reason why Arjuna said to the Lord? stammering with fear What an awful form Thou hast I have seen that which none hath seen before. My heart is glad? yet faileth me on account of fear. Show me? O God? Thine other form again. O God of gods? support of all the worlds? let me see Thy form with the diadem? and with the mace and discus in Thy hands. Again I wish to see Thee as before assume Thy fourarmed form? O Lord of thousand arms and of forms innumerable.Arjuna heard the Lords statement? viz.? Having pervaded this whole universe with one fragment of Myself? I remain. This induced him to have the vision of the Lords Cosmic Form. He says? O Lord of compassion? Thou hast taught me the spiritual wisdom which can hardly be found in the Vedas. Thou hast saved me. My delusion has disappeared. Thou hast disclosed to me the nature of the Supreme Self? the secrets of Nature and Thy divine glories. My greatest ambition at the present moment is that I should behold with my own eyes Thy entire Cosmic Form."

Bhagavad Gita

विश्वरूपदर्शनयोग (Vishwaroopa Darshana Yoga), Verse 2

भवाप्ययौ हि भूतानां श्रुतौ विस्तरशो मया ।

त्वत्तः कमलपत्राक्ष माहात्म्यमपि चाव्ययम् ।।11.2।।

IAST Transliteration

bhavāpyayau hi bhūtānāṁ śhrutau vistaraśho mayā

tvattaḥ kamala-patrākṣha māhātmyam api chāvyayam

Word-by-Word Anvaya (13 Words)

Padartha breakdown
bhava#1
appearance
apyayau#2
disappearance
hi#3
indeed
bhūtānām#4
of all living beings
śhrutau#5
have heard
vistaraśhaḥ#6
in detail
mayā#7
by me
tvattaḥ#8
from you
kamala-patra-akṣha#9
lotus-eyed one
māhātmyam#10
greatness
api#11
also
cha#12
and
avyayam#13
eternal
TRANSLATION LANGUAGE:
Translations (english)
Swami Adidevananda

"O Krsna, I have heard in detail about the origin and dissolution of all beings, which come from You, as well as Your immutable greatness."

Swami Gambirananda

"O you with eyes like lotus leaves, I have heard in detail from You the origin and dissolution of beings, as well as Your undecaying glory."

Swami Sivananda

"The origin and destruction of beings have been heard in detail from You, O lotus-eyed Lord, and also Your inexhaustible greatness."

Dr. S. Sankaranarayan

"I have listened in detail from You, O Lotus-eyed One, about the origin and dissolution of beings, as well as Your inexhaustible greatness."

Shri Purohit Swami

"O Lord, whose eyes are like the lotus petal! You have described in detail the origin and dissolution of beings, and Your own Eternal Majesty."

Classical Commentaries (english)
Swami Sivananda

"Kamalapatraksha Lotuseyed or having eyes like lotuspetals. Kamalapatra also means knowledge of the Self. He who can be obtained by knowledge of the Self is Kamalapatraksha."

Bhagavad Gita

विश्वरूपदर्शनयोग (Vishwaroopa Darshana Yoga), Verse 3

एवमेतद्यथात्थ त्वमात्मानं परमेश्वर ।

द्रष्टुमिच्छामि ते रूपमैश्वरं पुरुषोत्तम ।।11.3।।

IAST Transliteration

evam etad yathāttha tvam ātmānaṁ parameśhvara

draṣhṭum ichchhāmi te rūpam aiśhwaraṁ puruṣhottama

Word-by-Word Anvaya (13 Words)

Padartha breakdown
evam#1
thus
etat#2
this
yathā#3
as
āttha#4
have spoken
tvam#5
you
ātmānam#6
yourself
parama-īśhvara#7
Supreme Lord
draṣhṭum#8
to see
ichchhāmi#9
I desire
te#10
your
rūpam#11
form
aiśhwaram#12
divine
puruṣha-uttama#13
Shree Krishna, the Supreme Divine Personality
TRANSLATION LANGUAGE:
Translations (english)
Swami Adidevananda

"O Supreme Lord, as You have described Yourself, so You are. I wish to behold Your divine form, O Supreme Person."

Swami Gambirananda

"O Supreme Lord, so it is, as You have spoken of Yourself. O Supreme Person, I wish to behold Your divine form."

Swami Sivananda

"Now, O Supreme Lord, as Thou hast thus described Thyself, O Supreme Person, I wish to behold Thy divine form."

Dr. S. Sankaranarayan

"As You describe Yourself to be the Supreme Lord, it must be so. O Supreme Self, I desire to behold Your divine form."

Shri Purohit Swami

"I believe all as you have declared it. I now long to have a vision of your divine form, O Most High!"

Classical Commentaries (english)
Swami Sivananda

"Some commentators take the two halves of this verse as two independent sentences and interpret it thusSo it is? O Supreme Lord? as Thou hast declared Thyself to be. (But still) I desire to see Thy form as Isvara? O Supreme Person.Rupamaisvaram Thy form as Isvara? that of Vishnu as possessed of infinite knowledge? sovereignty? power? strength? prowess and splendour."

Bhagavad Gita

विश्वरूपदर्शनयोग (Vishwaroopa Darshana Yoga), Verse 4

मन्यसे यदि तच्छक्यं मया द्रष्टुमिति प्रभो ।

योगेश्वर ततो मे त्वं दर्शयाऽत्मानमव्ययम् ।।11.4।।

IAST Transliteration

manyase yadi tach chhakyaṁ mayā draṣhṭum iti prabho

yogeśhvara tato me tvaṁ darśhayātmānam avyayam

Word-by-Word Anvaya (15 Words)

Padartha breakdown
manyase#1
you think
yadi#2
if
tat#3
that
śhakyam#4
possible
mayā#5
by me
draṣhṭum#6
to behold
iti#7
thus
prabho#8
Lord
yoga-īśhvara#9
Lord of all mystic powers
tataḥ#10
then
me#11
to me
tvam#12
you
darśhaya#13
reveal
ātmānam#14
yourself
avyayam#15
imperishable
TRANSLATION LANGUAGE:
Translations (english)
Swami Adidevananda

"If you think, O Lord, that it can be seen by me, then, O Lord of Yoga, reveal Yourself fully to me."

Swami Gambirananda

"O Lord, if You deem it possible for me to behold You, then, O Lord of Yoga, show me Your eternal Self."

Swami Sivananda

"If Thou, O Lord, thinkest it possible for me to see it, do Thou, then, O Lord of the Yogis, show me Thy imperishable Self."

Dr. S. Sankaranarayan

"O Master! If you think it is possible for me to behold that form, then, O Lord of the Yogis, please show me Your Immortal Self."

Shri Purohit Swami

"If you think it is possible for me to see it, show me, O Lord of Lords, your eternal self."

Classical Commentaries (english)
Swami Sivananda

"Arjuna is very keen and eager to see the Cosmic Form of the Lord. He prays to Him to grant him the vision. This supreme vision can be obtained only through His grace.Yogesvara also means the Lord of Yoga. A Yogi is one who is endowed with the eight psychic powers (Siddhis). The Lord of the Yogins is Yogesvara. And? Yoga is identity of the individual soul with the Absolute. He who is able to bestow this realisation of identity on the deserving spiritual aspirant is Yogesvara.He Who is able to create? preserve? destroy? veil and graciously release is the Lord. (These five actions? Panchakriyas? are known respectively as Srishti? Sthiti? Samhara? Tirodhana and Anugraha.)"

Bhagavad Gita

विश्वरूपदर्शनयोग (Vishwaroopa Darshana Yoga), Verse 5

श्री भगवानुवाच

पश्य मे पार्थ रूपाणि शतशोऽथ सहस्रशः ।

नानाविधानि दिव्यानि नानावर्णाकृतीनि च ।।11.5।।

IAST Transliteration

śhrī-bhagavān uvācha

paśhya me pārtha rūpāṇi śhataśho ’tha sahasraśhaḥ

nānā-vidhāni divyāni nānā-varṇākṛitīni cha

Word-by-Word Anvaya (14 Words)

Padartha breakdown
śhrī-bhagavān uvācha#1
the Supreme Lord said
paśhya#2
behold
me#3
my
pārtha#4
Arjun, the son of Pritha
rūpāṇi#5
forms
śhataśhaḥ#6
by the hundreds
atha#7
and
sahasraśhaḥ#8
thousands
nānā-vidhāni#9
various
divyāni#10
divine
nānā#11
various
varṇa#12
colors
ākṛitīni#13
shapes
cha#14
and
TRANSLATION LANGUAGE:
Translations (english)
Swami Adidevananda

"The Lord said, "Behold, O Arjuna, My forms, hundreds upon thousands, manifold, divine, varied in hue and shape.""

Swami Gambirananda

"The Blessed Lord said, "O son of Prtha, behold My forms in their hundreds and thousands, of different kinds, celestial, and of various colors and shapes.""

Swami Sivananda

"The Blessed Lord said, "Behold, O Arjuna, forms of Mine, by the hundreds and thousands, of different sorts, divine, and of various colors and shapes.""

Dr. S. Sankaranarayan

"The Bhagavat said, "Behold, O son of Prtha, My divine forms in hundreds and thousands, of varied nature, colors, and shapes.""

Shri Purohit Swami

"Lord Shri Krishna replied: "Behold, O Arjuna! My celestial forms, by the hundreds and thousands, various in kind, color, and shape.""

Classical Commentaries (english)
Swami Sivananda

"Divyani Divine supernatural.Satasah? Sahasrasah By the hundreds and thousands -- countless.O Arjuna? I want you to behold the Cosmic Form. All beings and entities are there. The fat and the lean? the short and the tall? the red and the black? the active and the passive? the rich and the poor? the intelligent and the dull? the healthy and the sick? the noisy and the silent? those that are awake? those that are asleep? the beautiful and the ugly? and all grades of beings with their distinctive marks are all there. The blueness of the sky? the yellowness of the silk? the redness of the twilight? the blackness of the coal? the whiteness of the snow? and the greenness of the leaves will be seen by you. You will also behold the objects of various shapes."

Bhagavad Gita

विश्वरूपदर्शनयोग (Vishwaroopa Darshana Yoga), Verse 6

पश्यादित्यान्वसून्रुद्रानश्िवनौ मरुतस्तथा ।

बहून्यदृष्टपूर्वाणि पश्याऽश्चर्याणि भारत ।।11.6।।

IAST Transliteration

paśhyādityān vasūn rudrān aśhvinau marutas tathā

bahūny adṛiṣhṭa-pūrvāṇi paśhyāśhcharyāṇi bhārata

Word-by-Word Anvaya (13 Words)

Padartha breakdown
paśhya#1
behold
ādityān#2
the (twelve) sons of Aditi
vasūn#3
the (eight) Vasus
rudrān#4
the (eleven) Rudras
aśhvinau#5
the (twin) Ashvini Kumars
marutaḥ#6
the (forty-nine) Maruts
tathā#7
and
bahūni#8
many
adṛiṣhṭa#9
never revealed
pūrvāṇi#10
before
paśhya#11
behold
āśhcharyāṇi#12
marvels
bhārata#13
Arjun, scion of the Bharatas
TRANSLATION LANGUAGE:
Translations (english)
Swami Adidevananda

"Behold, O Arjuna, the Adityas, the Vasus, the Rudras, the two Asvins, and the Maruts—many marvels never seen before."

Swami Gambirananda

"Behold the Adityas, the Vasus, the Rudras, the two Ashvins, and the Maruts. O scion of the Bharata dynasty, also behold the many wonders that have never been seen before."

Swami Sivananda

"Behold the Adityas, the Vasus, the Rudras, the two Asvins, and the Maruts; behold many wonders never before seen, O Arjuna."

Dr. S. Sankaranarayan

"Behold the Adityas, the Vasus, the Rudras, the twin Ashvins, and the Maruts; O son of Pandu, behold also many wonders that had never been seen before."

Shri Purohit Swami

"Behold, thou seest the powers of Nature: fire, earth, wind, and sky; the sun, the heavens, the moon, the stars; all forces of vitality and healing; and the roving winds. Behold, thou seest the myriad wonders revealed to none but thee."

Classical Commentaries (english)
Swami Sivananda

"Adityas? Vasus? Rudras and Maruts have already been described in the previous chapter.Not these alone Behold also many other wonders never seen before by you or anybody else in this world."

Bhagavad Gita

विश्वरूपदर्शनयोग (Vishwaroopa Darshana Yoga), Verse 7

इहैकस्थं जगत्कृत्स्नं पश्याद्य सचराचरम् ।

मम देहे गुडाकेश यच्चान्यद्द्रष्टुमिच्छसि ।।11.7।।

IAST Transliteration

ihaika-sthaṁ jagat kṛitsnaṁ paśhyādya sa-charācharam

mama dehe guḍākeśha yach chānyad draṣhṭum ichchhasi

Word-by-Word Anvaya (17 Words)

Padartha breakdown
iha#1
here
eka-stham#2
assembled together
jagat#3
the universe
kṛitsnam#4
entire
paśhya#5
behold
adya#6
now
sa#7
with
chara#8
the moving
acharam#9
the non- moving
mama#10
my
dehe#11
in this form
guḍākeśha#12
Arjun, the conqueror of sleep
yat#13
whatever
cha#14
also
anyat#15
else
draṣhṭum#16
to see
ichchhasi#17
you wish
TRANSLATION LANGUAGE:
Translations (english)
Swami Adidevananda

"Behold here, O Arjuna, the entire universe with its mobile and immobile things, all centered in My body, and whatever else you desire to see."

Swami Gambirananda

"See now, O Gudakesa, the entire Universe together with the moving and the non-moving, concentrated in the same place here in My body, as also whatever else you would like to see."

Swami Sivananda

"Now, behold, O Arjuna, in this My body, the entire universe centered in one, including the moving and the unmoving, and whatever else you desire to see."

Dr. S. Sankaranarayan

"Now, behold the entire universe, including the moving and the unmoving, and whatsoever else you desire to see—all established in Me, O Gudakesa (Arjuna)!"

Shri Purohit Swami

"Here, living in Me, O Arjuna, behold the entire universe, both movable and immovable, and anything else you would like to see!"

Classical Commentaries (english)
Swami Sivananda

"Anyat Other whatever else. Your success or defeat in the war? about which you,have entertained a doubt. (Cf.II.6)"

Bhagavad Gita

विश्वरूपदर्शनयोग (Vishwaroopa Darshana Yoga), Verse 8

न तु मां शक्यसे द्रष्टुमनेनैव स्वचक्षुषा ।

दिव्यं ददामि ते चक्षुः पश्य मे योगमैश्वरम् ।।11.8।।

IAST Transliteration

na tu māṁ śhakyase draṣhṭum anenaiva sva-chakṣhuṣhā

divyaṁ dadāmi te chakṣhuḥ paśhya me yogam aiśhwaram

Word-by-Word Anvaya (15 Words)

Padartha breakdown
na#1
not
tu#2
but
mām#3
me
śhakyase#4
you can
draṣhṭum#5
to see
anena#6
with these
eva#7
even
sva-chakṣhuṣhā#8
with your physical eyes
divyam#9
divine
dadāmi#10
I give
te#11
to you
chakṣhuḥ#12
eyes
paśhya#13
behold
me#14
my
yogam aiśhwaram#15
majestic opulence
TRANSLATION LANGUAGE:
Translations (english)
Swami Adidevananda

"But you will not be able to see Me with your own eyes. I give you a divine eye, so behold My Lordly Yoga!"

Swami Gambirananda

"But you are not able to see Me with just this eye of yours. I grant you the divine eye; behold My divine Yoga."

Swami Sivananda

"But you are not able to behold Me with these your own eyes; I give you the divine eye; behold My lordly Yoga."

Dr. S. Sankaranarayan

"But you cannot see Me with just this eye of yours; therefore, I give you the divine eye. Now, behold My divine form."

Shri Purohit Swami

"Yet, since you cannot see Me with mortal eyes, behold, I give you divine sight. Now, see the glory of My sovereignty."

Classical Commentaries (english)
Swami Sivananda

"No fleshly eyes can behold Me in My Cosmic Form. One can see It through the divine eye or the eye of intuition. It should not be confused with seeing through the eye or the mind. It is an inner experience.Lord Krishna says to Arjuna I give thee the divine eye? by which you will be able to behold My sovereign form. By it see My marvellous power of Yoga.Anena With this the fleshly eye or the physical eye? the earthly eye. (Cf.VII.25IX.5X.7)"

Bhagavad Gita

विश्वरूपदर्शनयोग (Vishwaroopa Darshana Yoga), Verse 9

सञ्जय उवाच

एवमुक्त्वा ततो राजन्महायोगेश्वरो हरिः ।

दर्शयामास पार्थाय परमं रूपमैश्वरम् ।।11.9।।

IAST Transliteration

sañjaya uvācha

evam uktvā tato rājan mahā-yogeśhvaro hariḥ

darśhayām āsa pārthāya paramaṁ rūpam aiśhwaram

Word-by-Word Anvaya (11 Words)

Padartha breakdown
sañjayaḥ uvācha#1
Sanjay said
evam#2
thus
uktvā#3
having spoken
tataḥ#4
then
rājan#5
King
mahā-yoga-īśhvaraḥ#6
the Supreme Lord of Yog
hariḥ#7
Shree Krishna
darśhayām āsa#8
displayed
pārthāya#9
to Arjun
paramam#10
divine
rūpam aiśhwaram#11
opulence
TRANSLATION LANGUAGE:
Translations (english)
Swami Adidevananda

"Sanjaya said, "O King, having spoken, Sri Krishna, the great Lord of Yoga, then revealed to Arjuna the supreme, lordly form.""

Swami Gambirananda

"Sanjaya said, "O King, having spoken thus, thereafter, Hari, the great Master of Yoga, showed to the son of Prtha the supreme divine form.""

Swami Sivananda

"Sanjaya said, Having thus spoken, O king, the great Lord of Yoga, Hari (Krishna), showed Arjuna His supreme form as the Lord."

Dr. S. Sankaranarayan

"Sanjaya said, "O king! Having thus stated, Hari, the mighty Lord of the Yogins, showed to the son of Prtha His own Supreme Lordly form.""

Shri Purohit Swami

"Sanjaya continued: "Having thus spoken, O King, the Lord Shri Krishna, the Almighty Prince of Wisdom, showed Arjuna the Supreme Form of the Great God."

Classical Commentaries (english)
Swami Sivananda

"King This verse is addressed by Sanjaya to Dhritarashtra.Supreme Form The Cosmic Form."

Bhagavad Gita

विश्वरूपदर्शनयोग (Vishwaroopa Darshana Yoga), Verse 10

अनेकवक्त्रनयनमनेकाद्भुतदर्शनम् ।

अनेकदिव्याभरणं दिव्यानेकोद्यतायुधम् ।।11.10।।

IAST Transliteration

aneka-vaktra-nayanam anekādbhuta-darśhanam

aneka-divyābharaṇaṁ divyānekodyatāyudham

Word-by-Word Anvaya (13 Words)

Padartha breakdown
aneka#1
many
vaktra#2
faces
nayanam#3
eyes
aneka#4
many
adbhuta#5
wonderful
darśhanam#6
had a vision of
aneka#7
many
divya#8
divine
ābharaṇam#9
ornaments
divya#10
divine
aneka#11
many
udyata#12
uplifted
āyudham#13
weapons
TRANSLATION LANGUAGE:
Translations (english)
Swami Adidevananda

"With innumerable mouths and eyes, many marvelous aspects, numerous divine ornaments, and numerous divine weapons."

Swami Gambirananda

"Having many faces and eyes, possessing many wondrous sights, adorned with numerous celestial ornaments, and holding many uplifted heavenly weapons;"

Swami Sivananda

"With numerous mouths and eyes, with numerous wondrous sights, with numerous divine adornments, with numerous divine weapons uplifted, such a form He showed."

Dr. S. Sankaranarayan

"It has many mouths and eyes, wondrous sights, heavenly ornaments, and weapons held ready;"

Shri Purohit Swami

"There were countless eyes, mouths, and innumerable mystic forms, with shining ornaments and flaming celestial weapons."

Classical Commentaries (english)
Swami Sivananda

"Countless faces appeared there. Arjuna looked at this Cosmic Form in all its magnificence. He saw the Lord everywhere and in everything. The whole manifestation appeared as one gigantic body of the Lord. He saw the Lord as the allinall."

Bhagavad Gita

विश्वरूपदर्शनयोग (Vishwaroopa Darshana Yoga), Verse 11

दिव्यमाल्याम्बरधरं दिव्यगन्धानुलेपनम् ।

सर्वाश्चर्यमयं देवमनन्तं विश्वतोमुखम् ।।11.11।।

IAST Transliteration

divya-mālyāmbara-dharaṁ divya-gandhānulepanam

sarvāśhcharya-mayaṁ devam anantaṁ viśhvato-mukham

Word-by-Word Anvaya (13 Words)

Padartha breakdown
divya#1
divine
mālya#2
garlands
āmbara#3
garments
dharam#4
wearing
divya#5
divine
gandha#6
fragrances
anulepanam#7
anointed with
sarva#8
all
āśhcharya-mayam#9
wonderful
devam#10
Lord
anantam#11
unlimited
viśhwataḥ#12
all sides
mukham#13
face
TRANSLATION LANGUAGE:
Translations (english)
Swami Adidevananda

"Wearing celestial garlands and raiments, anointed with divine perfumes, full of wonders, resplendent, boundless, and facing all directions."

Swami Gambirananda

"Wearing heavenly garlands and apparel, anointed with heavenly scents, abounding in all kinds of wonders, resplendent, infinite, and with faces on all sides."

Swami Sivananda

"Wearing divine garlands and apparel, anointed with divine unguents, the all-wonderful, resplendent Being is endless with faces on all sides."

Dr. S. Sankaranarayan

"It wears heavenly garlands and garments, is anointed with heavenly sandal paste, is wondrous, radiant, and infinite, and has faces in all directions."

Shri Purohit Swami

"Crowned with heavenly garlands, clothed in shining garments, anointed with divine unguents, He showed Himself as the Resplendent One, Marvelous, Boundless, and Omnipresent."

Classical Commentaries (english)
Swami Sivananda

"Visvatomukham With faces on all sides? as He is the Self of all beings.Devam God. Also means resplendent.Anantam Endless. He Who is free from the three kinds of limitations? viz.? DesaKalaVastuPariccheda (limitations of space? time? and thing respectively) is Anantam. He is Brahman. This philosophical concept is explained below.The pot is here. This is spacelimitatio. The pot is now here. This is timelimitation. The pot is not a cloth. This is thing(material) limitation. There is saffron in Kashmir only. This is limitation of space and thing. You can have apples only in September. This is limitation of time and thing. But Brahman is everywhere? as It is allpervading. It exists in the past? the present and the future. It dwells in all parts. Hence It is beyond these three limitations. It is therefore endless."

Bhagavad Gita

विश्वरूपदर्शनयोग (Vishwaroopa Darshana Yoga), Verse 12

दिवि सूर्यसहस्रस्य भवेद्युगपदुत्थिता ।

यदि भाः सदृशी सा स्याद्भासस्तस्य महात्मनः ।।11.12।।

IAST Transliteration

divi sūrya-sahasrasya bhaved yugapad utthitā

yadi bhāḥ sadṛiśhī sā syād bhāsas tasya mahātmanaḥ

Word-by-Word Anvaya (14 Words)

Padartha breakdown
divi#1
in the sky
sūrya#2
suns
sahasrasya#3
thousand
bhavet#4
were
yugapat#5
simultaneously
utthitā#6
rising
yadi#7
if
bhāḥ#8
splendor
sadṛiśhī#9
like
sā#10
that
syāt#11
would be
bhāsaḥ#12
splendor
tasya#13
of them
mahā-ātmanaḥ#14
the great personality
TRANSLATION LANGUAGE:
Translations (english)
Swami Adidevananda

"If a thousand suns were to rise at once in the sky, the resulting splendour would be like the splendour of that mighty One."

Swami Gambirananda

"Should the effulgence of a thousand suns blaze forth simultaneously in the sky, that might be akin to the radiance of that exalted One."

Swami Sivananda

"If the splendour of a thousand suns were to blaze out simultaneously in the sky, that would be the splendour of that mighty being."

Dr. S. Sankaranarayan

"If the splendour of a thousand suns were to burst forth at once in the sky, would that be equal to the splendour of that Mighty Self?"

Shri Purohit Swami

"Could a thousand suns blaze forth together, it would be but a faint reflection of the radiance of the Lord God."

Classical Commentaries (english)
Swami Sivananda

"Divi here means in the Antariksha or the sky.Mahatma here refers to the great Soul or the mighty Being? the Cosmic Form."

Bhagavad Gita

विश्वरूपदर्शनयोग (Vishwaroopa Darshana Yoga), Verse 13

तत्रैकस्थं जगत्कृत्स्नं प्रविभक्तमनेकधा ।

अपश्यद्देवदेवस्य शरीरे पाण्डवस्तदा ।।11.13।।

IAST Transliteration

tatraika-sthaṁ jagat kṛitsnaṁ pravibhaktam anekadhā

apaśhyad deva-devasya śharīre pāṇḍavas tadā

Word-by-Word Anvaya (11 Words)

Padartha breakdown
tatra#1
there
eka-stham#2
established in one place
jagat#3
the universe
kṛitsnam#4
entire
pravibhaktam#5
divided
anekadhā#6
many
apaśhyat#7
could see
deva-devasya#8
of the God of gods
śharīre#9
in the body
pāṇḍavaḥ#10
Arjun
tadā#11
at that time
TRANSLATION LANGUAGE:
Translations (english)
Swami Adidevananda

"There, Arjuna beheld the whole universe, with its manifold divisions gathered together in one single spot within the body of the God of gods."

Swami Gambirananda

"At that time, the Pandava saw, in the body of the God of gods, the whole diversely differentiated universe united in one."

Swami Sivananda

"There, in the body of the God of gods, Arjuna then saw the entire universe resting in one, with its myriad of divisions."

Dr. S. Sankaranarayan

"At that time, the son of Pandu beheld, in the body of the God-of-Gods, the entire universe, united yet divided into many groups."

Shri Purohit Swami

"In that vision, Arjuna saw the universe, with its manifold shapes, all embraced in one, its Supreme Lord."

Classical Commentaries (english)
Swami Sivananda

"Tatra There -- in the Cosmic Form.Anekadha Many groups -- gods? manes? men and other species of beings.Arjuna beheld all forms as the forms of the Lord? all heads as His heads? all eyes as His eyes? all hands as His hands? all feet as His feet? every part of every body as the limb of the Lords divine form. Wherever he looked he beheld nothing but the Lord. He got mystic divine knowledge.Sanjaya has given a truly graphic description of the Cosmic Form. Yet? it would be futile to grasp it with the finite mind. It is a transcendental vision? beyond the reach of the mind and senses. It has to be realised in Samadhi."

Bhagavad Gita

विश्वरूपदर्शनयोग (Vishwaroopa Darshana Yoga), Verse 14

ततः स विस्मयाविष्टो हृष्टरोमा धनञ्जयः ।

प्रणम्य शिरसा देवं कृताञ्जलिरभाषत ।।11.14।।

IAST Transliteration

tataḥ sa vismayāviṣhṭo hṛiṣhṭa-romā dhanañjayaḥ

praṇamya śhirasā devaṁ kṛitāñjalir abhāṣhata

Word-by-Word Anvaya (10 Words)

Padartha breakdown
tataḥ#1
then
saḥ#2
he
vismaya-āviṣhṭaḥ#3
full of wonder
hṛiṣhṭa-romā#4
with hair standing on end
dhanañjayaḥ#5
Arjun, the conqueror of wealth
praṇamya#6
bow down
śhirasā#7
with (his) head
devam#8
the Lord
kṛita-añjaliḥ#9
with folded hands
abhāṣhata#10
he addressed
TRANSLATION LANGUAGE:
Translations (english)
Swami Adidevananda

"Then, Arjuna, overcome with amazement, his hairs standing on end, bowed his head to the Lord and spoke with folded hands."

Swami Gambirananda

"Then, filled with wonder and with hairs standing on end, Arjuna, bowing down with his head to the Lord, said with folded hands:"

Swami Sivananda

"Then, Arjuna, filled with wonder and his hair standing on end, bowed his head to the God and spoke with palms joined."

Dr. S. Sankaranarayan

"Then, possessed by amazement and with his body hair standing on end, Dhananjaya, with his head bowed to the God and with folded hands, spoke to Him."

Shri Purohit Swami

"Then, Arjuna, filled with awe, his hair standing on end, bowing his head, and clasping his hands in reverence, spoke to the Lord:"

Classical Commentaries (english)
Swami Sivananda

"Tatah Then? having seen the Cosmic Form.Arjuna joined his palms in order to do prostration to the Cosmic Form. The great hero had attained true humility which the bowed head and joined palms represented? and which is the essential ingredient of devotion."

Bhagavad Gita

विश्वरूपदर्शनयोग (Vishwaroopa Darshana Yoga), Verse 15

अर्जुन उवाच

पश्यामि देवांस्तव देव देहे

सर्वांस्तथा भूतविशेषसङ्घान् ।

ब्रह्माणमीशं कमलासनस्थ

मृषींश्च सर्वानुरगांश्च दिव्यान् ।।11.15।।

IAST Transliteration

arjuna uvācha

paśhyāmi devāns tava deva dehe

sarvāns tathā bhūta-viśheṣha-saṅghān

brahmāṇam īśhaṁ kamalāsana-stham

ṛiṣhīnśh cha sarvān uragānśh cha divyān

Word-by-Word Anvaya (18 Words)

Padartha breakdown
arjunaḥ uvācha#1
Arjun said
paśhyāmi#2
I behold
devān#3
all the gods
tava#4
your
deva#5
Lord
dehe#6
within the body
sarvān#7
all
tathā#8
as well as
bhūta viśheṣha-saṅghān#9
hosts of different beings
brahmāṇam#10
Lord Brahma
īśham#11
Shiv
kamala-āsana-stham#12
seated on the lotus flower
ṛiṣhīn#13
sages
cha#14
and
sarvān#15
all
uragān#16
serpents
cha#17
and
divyān#18
divine
TRANSLATION LANGUAGE:
Translations (english)
Swami Adidevananda

"Arjuna said, "O Lord, I behold in Your body all the gods, and all the diverse hosts of beings—Brahma, Siva, who is in Brahma, the seers, and the lustrous snakes.""

Swami Gambirananda

"Arjuna said, "O God, I see in Your body all the gods, as well as hosts of various classes of beings; Brahma the ruler, sitting on a lotus seat, and all the heavenly sages and serpents."

Swami Sivananda

"Arjuna said, "O God, I see all the gods in Your body, as well as hosts of various classes of beings, Brahma the Lord seated on the lotus, all the sages, and the celestial serpents.""

Dr. S. Sankaranarayan

"Arjuna said, "O God! In Your body, I behold all gods and hosts of different kinds of beings—the Lord Brahma seated on the lotus-seat, and all the sages and glowing serpents.""

Shri Purohit Swami

"Arjuna said: O Almighty God! I see in You the powers of Nature, the various creatures of the world, the Progenitor on His lotus throne, the Sages, and the shining angels."

Classical Commentaries (english)
Swami Sivananda

"Arjuna describes his own experience of the Cosmic Form in this and the following verses? 15 to 31.Bhutaviseshasanghan Hosts of various classes of beings? both animate and inanimate. These numerous entities are in Thy Cosmic Form? like hairs on the human body.Brahma? the fourfaced? the Lord of all creatures? is seated in the centre of the earthlotus on the Meru which forms the thalamus as it were of the earthlotus.Sages? such as Vasishtha. Serpents? such as Vasuki.Moreover --"

Bhagavad Gita

विश्वरूपदर्शनयोग (Vishwaroopa Darshana Yoga), Verse 16

अनेकबाहूदरवक्त्रनेत्रं

पश्यामि त्वां सर्वतोऽनन्तरूपम् ।

नान्तं न मध्यं न पुनस्तवादिं

पश्यामि विश्वेश्वर विश्वरूप ।।11.16।।

IAST Transliteration

aneka-bāhūdara-vaktra-netraṁ

paśhyāmi tvāṁ sarvato ’nanta-rūpam

nāntaṁ na madhyaṁ na punas tavādiṁ

paśhyāmi viśhveśhvara viśhva-rūpa

Word-by-Word Anvaya (19 Words)

Padartha breakdown
aneka#1
infinite
bāhu#2
arms
udara#3
stomachs
vaktra#4
faces
netram#5
eyes
paśhyāmi#6
I see
tvām#7
you
sarvataḥ#8
in every direction
ananta-rūpam#9
inifinite forms
na antam#10
without end
na#11
not
madhyam#12
middle
na#13
no
punaḥ#14
again
tava#15
your
ādim#16
beginning
paśhyāmi#17
I see
viśhwa-īśhwara#18
The Lord of the universe
viśhwa-rūpa#19
universal form
TRANSLATION LANGUAGE:
Translations (english)
Swami Adidevananda

"With manifold arms, stomachs, mouths, and eyes, I behold Your infinite form on all sides. I see no end, no middle, nor the beginning of You, O Lord of the universe, O You of Universal Form."

Swami Gambirananda

"I see You with numerous arms, bellies, mouths, and eyes; with infinite forms all around. O Lord of the Universe, O Cosmic Person, I see no limit, no middle, nor beginning!"

Swami Sivananda

"I see You with boundless form on every side, with many arms, stomachs, mouths, and eyes; neither the end nor the middle nor the beginning do I see, O Lord of the Universe, O Cosmic Form."

Dr. S. Sankaranarayan

"I behold You with many arms, bellies, mouths, and eyes, and with infinite forms on all sides; I find neither the end nor the center nor the beginning of You, O Lord of the Universe, O Universal-Formed One!"

Shri Purohit Swami

"I see You, infinite in form, with faces, eyes, and limbs everywhere; with no beginning, middle, or end. O You, Lord of the Universe, whose form is universal!"

Classical Commentaries (english)
Swami Sivananda

"A thing that is limited by space and time has a begining? a middle and an end? but the Lord is omnipresent and eternal. He exists in the three periods of time -- past? present and future? but is not limited by time and space. Therefore He has neither a beginning nor middle nor end.Arjuna could have this divine vision only with the help of the divine eye bestowed upon him by the Lord. He who has supreme devotion to the Lord and on whom the Lord showers His grace can enjoy this wondrous vision."

Bhagavad Gita

विश्वरूपदर्शनयोग (Vishwaroopa Darshana Yoga), Verse 17

किरीटिनं गदिनं चक्रिणं च

तेजोराशिं सर्वतोदीप्तिमन्तम् ।

पश्यामि त्वां दुर्निरीक्ष्यं समन्ता

द्दीप्तानलार्कद्युतिमप्रमेयम् ।।11.17।।

IAST Transliteration

kirīṭinaṁ gadinaṁ chakriṇaṁ cha

tejo-rāśhiṁ sarvato dīptimantam

paśhyāmi tvāṁ durnirīkṣhyaṁ samantād

dīptānalārka-dyutim aprameyam

Word-by-Word Anvaya (15 Words)

Padartha breakdown
kirīṭinam#1
adorned with a crown
gadinam#2
with club
chakriṇam#3
with discs
cha#4
and
tejaḥ-rāśhim#5
abode of splendor
sarvataḥ#6
everywhere
dīpti-mantam#7
shining
paśhyāmi#8
I see
tvām#9
you
durnirīkṣhyam#10
difficult to look upon
samantāt#11
in all directions
dīpta-anala#12
blazing fire
arka#13
like the sun
dyutim#14
effulgence
aprameyam#15
immeasurable
TRANSLATION LANGUAGE:
Translations (english)
Swami Adidevananda

"I behold You as a mass of light, shining everywhere, with a diadem, mace, and discus, hard to behold, blazing like a burning fire and the sun, and immeasurable."

Swami Gambirananda

"I see You wearing a diadem, wielding a mace, and holding a disc; a mass of brilliance glowing all around, difficult to look at from all sides, possessing the radiance of the blazing fire and sun, and immeasurable."

Swami Sivananda

"I see You with the diadem, club, and discus, a mass of radiance shining everywhere, very hard to look at, blazing all around like a burning fire and the sun, and immeasurable."

Dr. S. Sankaranarayan

"I behold You as having crowns, clubs, and discs; as a mass of radiance, shining on all sides, hard to look at and blazing like burning fire and the sun on each side; and as an immeasurable one."

Shri Purohit Swami

"I see you with the crown, the scepter, and the discus; a blaze of splendor. Scarcely can I gaze upon you, so radiant you are, glowing like a blazing fire, brilliant as the sun, immeasurable."

Classical Commentaries (english)
Swami Sivananda

"Kiritam is a special ornament for the head? the crown.Arjuna had worshipped the Lord as having a crown? club and discus and the Lord showed him the same form now. He is in all forms and He is beyond all forms as the transcendental Reality. Who can comprehend His GloryTejorasim A mass of splendour that cannot be perceived without the inner divine eye of intuition.Aprameyam Immeasurable? whose limits cannot be fixed.I infer from this vision of Thy power of Yoga that Thu art the Imperishable? etc."

Bhagavad Gita

विश्वरूपदर्शनयोग (Vishwaroopa Darshana Yoga), Verse 18

त्वमक्षरं परमं वेदितव्यं

त्वमस्य विश्वस्य परं निधानम् ।

त्वमव्ययः शाश्वतधर्मगोप्ता

सनातनस्त्वं पुरुषो मतो मे ।।11.18।।

IAST Transliteration

tvam akṣharaṁ paramaṁ veditavyaṁ

tvam asya viśhvasya paraṁ nidhānam

tvam avyayaḥ śhāśhvata-dharma-goptā

sanātanas tvaṁ puruṣho mato me

Word-by-Word Anvaya (16 Words)

Padartha breakdown
tvam#1
you
akṣharam#2
the imperishable
paramam#3
the supreme being
veditavyam#4
worthy of being known
tvam#5
you
asya#6
of this
viśhwasya#7
of the creation
param#8
supreme
nidhānam#9
support
tvam#10
you
avyayaḥ#11
eternal
śhāśhvata-dharma-goptā#12
protector of the eternal religion
sanātanaḥ#13
everlasting
tvam#14
you
puruṣhaḥ#15
the Supreme Divine Person
mataḥ me#16
my opinion
TRANSLATION LANGUAGE:
Translations (english)
Swami Adidevananda

"You are the Imperishable, Supreme One to be realized. You are the Supreme Substratum of this universe. You are immutable, the guardian of the eternal law; I know You are the Supreme Person who is everlasting."

Swami Gambirananda

"You are the Unchanging, the supreme One to be known; You are the most perfect repository of this Universe. You are the Imperishable, the Protector of the ever-existing religion; You are the eternal Person. This is my belief."

Swami Sivananda

"You are the Imperishable, the Supreme Being, worthy of being known. You are the great treasure-house of this universe; You are the imperishable protector of the eternal Dharma; You are the Primal Person, I believe."

Dr. S. Sankaranarayan

"You are the imperishable, the Supreme Being to be known; You are the ultimate place of rest for this universe; You are changeless and the guardian of the pious acts of the Satvatas; You are the everlasting Soul, I believe."

Shri Purohit Swami

"You are imperishable, the only one worthy of being known, the priceless treasure-house of the universe, the immortal guardian of eternal life, and the everlasting spirit."

Classical Commentaries (english)
Swami Sivananda

"VisvasyaNidhaanam Treasurehouse of this universe? also means abode or refuge or the substratum of this universe. It is because of this that all the beings in the universe are preserved and protected. He is the inexhaustibel source to Whom the devotee turns at all times. Deluded indeed are they that ignore this divine treasurehouse and runa fter the shadow of the objects of the senses which do not contain even an iota of pleasure.Veditavyam To be known by the aspirants or seekrs of liberation? through Sravana (hearing of the scriptures)? Manana (reflection) and Nididhyasana (meditation).Avyayah means inexhaustible? unchanging? undying."

Bhagavad Gita

विश्वरूपदर्शनयोग (Vishwaroopa Darshana Yoga), Verse 19

अनादिमध्यान्तमनन्तवीर्य

मनन्तबाहुं शशिसूर्यनेत्रम् ।

पश्यामि त्वां दीप्तहुताशवक्त्रम्

स्वतेजसा विश्वमिदं तपन्तम् ।।11.19।।

IAST Transliteration

स्वतेजसा विश्वमिदं तपन्तम् || 19||

Word-by-Word Anvaya (4 Words)

Padartha breakdown
anādi#1
madhyāntam ananta - vīryam
ananta#2
bāhuṁ śhaśhi - sūrya - netram
paśhyāmi tvāṁ dīpta#3
hutāśha - vaktraṁ
sva#4
tejasā viśhvam idaṁ tapantam
TRANSLATION LANGUAGE:
Translations (english)
Swami Adidevananda

"I behold You as having no beginning, middle, or end; Your might is infinite. You are endowed with an innumerable number of arms. The sun and moon are Your eyes, and Your mouth emits burning fire. With Your own radiance, You are warning the entire universe."

Swami Gambirananda

"I see You as having no beginning, middle, or end, possessing infinite valor, with innumerable arms, the sun and moon as eyes, a mouth like a blazing fire, and heating up this universe with Your own brilliance."

Swami Sivananda

"I see You without beginning, middle, or end, infinite in power, with endless arms, the sun and moon as Your eyes, the burning fire Your mouth, heating the entire universe with Your radiance."

Dr. S. Sankaranarayan

"I observe You with no beginning, no middle, and no end; having infinite creative power and infinite arms; with the moon and the sun as Your eyes and the blazing fire as Your mouth; and scorching this universe with Your radiance."

Shri Purohit Swami

"Without beginning, without middle, and without end, infinite in power, with arms all-embracing, the sun and moon as Your eyes, Your face beaming with the fire of sacrifice, flooding the whole universe with light."

Classical Commentaries (english)
Swami Sivananda

"Anantabahu Having endless arms. This denotes that the multiplicity of His limbs are endless."

Bhagavad Gita

विश्वरूपदर्शनयोग (Vishwaroopa Darshana Yoga), Verse 20

द्यावापृथिव्योरिदमन्तरं हि

व्याप्तं त्वयैकेन दिशश्च सर्वाः ।

दृष्ट्वाऽद्भुतं रूपमुग्रं तवेदं

लोकत्रयं प्रव्यथितं महात्मन् ।।11.20।।

IAST Transliteration

dyāv ā-pṛithivyor idam antaraṁ hi

vyāptaṁ tvayaikena diśhaśh cha sarvāḥ

dṛiṣhṭvādbhutaṁ rūpam ugraṁ tavedaṁ

loka-trayaṁ pravyathitaṁ mahātman

Word-by-Word Anvaya (20 Words)

Padartha breakdown
dyau-ā-pṛithivyoḥ#1
between heaven and earth
idam#2
this
antaram#3
space between
hi#4
indeed
vyāptam#5
pervaded
tvayā#6
by you
ekena#7
alone
diśhaḥ#8
directions
cha#9
and
sarvāḥ#10
all
dṛiṣhṭvā#11
seeing
adbhutam#12
wondrous
rūpam#13
form
ugram#14
terrible
tava#15
your
idam#16
this
loka#17
worlds
trayam#18
three
pravyathitam#19
trembling
mahā-ātman#20
The greatest of all beings
TRANSLATION LANGUAGE:
Translations (english)
Swami Adidevananda

"You alone have pervaded the interspace between heaven and earth, and all the quarters. Beholding your marvelous and terrible form, O Mahatman, the three worlds are greatly overwhelmed with fear."

Swami Gambirananda

"Indeed, this intermediate space between heaven and earth, as well as all the directions, are pervaded by You alone. O exalted One, the three worlds are struck with fear upon seeing this strange and fearful form of Yours."

Swami Sivananda

"This space between the earth and the heavens, and all the quarters, is filled by You alone; having seen this, Your wonderful and terrible form, the three worlds are trembling with fear, O great-souled Being."

Dr. S. Sankaranarayan

"This space between heaven and earth, as well as all the directions, is pervaded singly by You; seeing this wondrous form of Yours, O Exalted Soul, the triple world is greatly frightened."

Shri Purohit Swami

"Alone, you fill all the quarters of the sky, earth, and heaven, and the regions between. O Almighty Lord! Seeing your marvelous and awe-inspiring form, the spheres tremble with fear."

Classical Commentaries (english)
Swami Sivananda

"Thee In Thy Cosmic Form.The space and the arters This denotes that the Lord has filled the whole universe of animate and inanimate objects.In order to remove the doubt entertained by Arjuna as to his success (Cf.II.6) Lord Krishna makes him feel now that victoyr for the Pandavas is certain."

Bhagavad Gita

विश्वरूपदर्शनयोग (Vishwaroopa Darshana Yoga), Verse 21

अमी हि त्वां सुरसङ्घाः विशन्ति

केचिद्भीताः प्राञ्जलयो गृणन्ति ।

स्वस्तीत्युक्त्वा महर्षिसिद्धसङ्घाः

स्तुवन्ति त्वां स्तुतिभिः पुष्कलाभिः ।।11.21।।

IAST Transliteration

amī hi tvāṁ sura-saṅghā viśhanti

kechid bhītāḥ prāñjalayo gṛiṇanti

svastīty uktvā maharṣhi-siddha-saṅghāḥ

stuvanti tvāṁ stutibhiḥ puṣhkalābhiḥ

Word-by-Word Anvaya (18 Words)

Padartha breakdown
amī#1
these
hi#2
indeed
tvām#3
you
sura-saṅghāḥ#4
assembly of celestial gods
viśhanti#5
are entering
kechit#6
some
bhītāḥ#7
in fear
prāñjalayaḥ#8
with folded hands
gṛiṇanti#9
praise
svasti#10
auspicious
iti#11
thus
uktvā#12
reciting
mahā-ṛiṣhi#13
great sages
siddha-saṅghāḥ#14
perfect beings
stuvanti#15
are extolling
tvām#16
you
stutibhiḥ#17
with prayers
puṣhkalābhiḥ#18
hymns
TRANSLATION LANGUAGE:
Translations (english)
Swami Adidevananda

"Verily, the hosts of Devas enter into You. Some, in fear, extol You with clasped hands, crying "Hail!" The bands of great seers and Siddhas praise You with meaningful hymns."

Swami Gambirananda

"Those very groups of gods enter into You; struck with fear, some extol You with joined palms. Groups of great sages and perfected beings praise You with elaborate hymns, saying, 'May it be well!'"

Swami Sivananda

"Verily, these hosts of gods enter into Thee; some extol Thee with joined palms in fear, saying, 'May it be well!' Bands of great sages and perfected ones praise Thee with complete hymns."

Dr. S. Sankaranarayan

"These hosts of gods enter into You; some, frightened, recite [hymns] with folded palms; simply crying 'Hail!', the hosts of great seers praise You with excellent praising hymns."

Shri Purohit Swami

"The troops of celestial beings enter into You, some invoking You in fear, with folded palms; the great seers and adepts sing hymns to Your glory, saying, "All hail!""

Classical Commentaries (english)
Swami Sivananda

"Pushkalabhih means complete or wellworded praises or praises full of deep meanings.Great sages like Narada and perfected ones like Kapila praise Thee with inspiring hymns."

Bhagavad Gita

विश्वरूपदर्शनयोग (Vishwaroopa Darshana Yoga), Verse 22

रुद्रादित्या वसवो ये च साध्या

विश्वेऽश्िवनौ मरुतश्चोष्मपाश्च ।

गन्धर्वयक्षासुरसिद्धसङ्घा

वीक्षन्ते त्वां विस्मिताश्चैव सर्वे ।।11.22।।

IAST Transliteration

rudrādityā vasavo ye cha sādhyā

viśhve ’śhvinau marutaśh choṣhmapāśh cha

gandharva-yakṣhāsura-siddha-saṅghā

vīkṣhante tvāṁ vismitāśh chaiva sarve

Word-by-Word Anvaya (23 Words)

Padartha breakdown
rudra#1
a form of Lord Shiv
ādityāḥ#2
the Adityas
vasavaḥ#3
the Vasus
ye#4
these
cha#5
and
sādhyāḥ#6
the Sadhyas
viśhve#7
the Vishvadevas
aśhvinau#8
the Ashvini kumars
marutaḥ#9
the Maruts
cha#10
and
uṣhma-pāḥ#11
the ancestors
cha#12
and
gandharva#13
Gandharvas
yakṣha#14
the Yakshas
asura#15
the demons
siddha#16
the perfected beings
saṅghāḥ#17
the assemblies
vīkṣhante#18
are beholding
tvām#19
you
vismitāḥ#20
in wonder
cha#21
and
eva#22
verily
sarve#23
all
TRANSLATION LANGUAGE:
Translations (english)
Swami Adidevananda

"The Rudras, the Adityas, the Vasus, the Sadhyas, the Visvas, the Asvins, the Maruts, and the Manes, as well as the hosts of Gandharvas, Yaksas, Asuras, and Siddhas—all gaze upon You in amazement."

Swami Gambirananda

"Those who are the Rudras, the Adityas, the Vasus, and the Sadhyas, the Visvedevas, the two Asvins, the Maruts, and the Usmapas, and hosts of Gandharvas, Yaksas, demons, and Siddhas—all of those very ones gaze at You, being indeed struck with wonder."

Swami Sivananda

"The Rudras, Adityas, Vasus, Sadhyas, Visvedevas, the two Asvins, Maruts, the Manus, and the hosts of celestial singers, Yakshas, demons, and the perfected ones, all look upon Thee with great amazement."

Dr. S. Sankaranarayan

"The Rudras, the Adityas, the Vasus, the Sadhyas, the Visvadevas, the twin Asvins, and the Maruts, the Manes, the hosts of the Gandharvas, the Yaksas, the demons, and the perfected ones—all gaze upon You in amazement."

Shri Purohit Swami

"The vital forces, major stars, fire, earth, air, sky, sun, heaven, moon, and planets; the angels, guardians of the universe, divine healers, winds, fathers, heavenly singers, and hosts of mammon-worshippers, demons, and saints are all amazed."

Classical Commentaries (english)
Swami Sivananda

"Sadhyas are a class of gods of whom Brahma is the chief.Visvedevas are ten gods who in Vedic times were considered as protectors of human beings. They were called guardians of the world. They were givers of plenty to the human beings. Their names are Krata? Daksha? Vasu? Satya? Kama? Kala? Dhvani? Rochaka? Adrava and Pururava.The two Asvins? born of Prabha (light)? daughter of Tushta and the Sun? are the physicians of the gods.Rudras? Adityas? Vasus and Maruts -- see tenth chapter? verses 21 and 23.Ushmapa A class of manes. They accept the food offered in the Sraaddha (anniversary) ceremony or the obseies? while it is hot. Hence they are called Ushmapas. There are seven groups of manes.Gandharvas are celestial singers such as Haha and Huhu.Yakshas such as Kubera (the god of wealth) Asuras such as Virochana perfected ones such as Kapila."

Bhagavad Gita

विश्वरूपदर्शनयोग (Vishwaroopa Darshana Yoga), Verse 23

रूपं महत्ते बहुवक्त्रनेत्रं

महाबाहो बहुबाहूरुपादम् ।

बहूदरं बहुदंष्ट्राकरालं

दृष्ट्वा लोकाः प्रव्यथितास्तथाऽहम् ।।11.23।।

IAST Transliteration

rūpaṁ mahat te bahu-vaktra-netraṁ

mahā-bāho bahu-bāhūru-pādam

bahūdaraṁ bahu-danṣhṭrā-karālaṁ

dṛiṣhṭvā lokāḥ pravyathitās tathāham

Word-by-Word Anvaya (19 Words)

Padartha breakdown
rūpam#1
form
mahat#2
magnificent
te#3
your
bahu#4
many
vaktra#5
mouths
netram#6
eyes
mahā-bāho#7
mighty-armed Lord
bahu#8
many
bāhu#9
arms
ūru#10
thighs
pādam#11
legs
bahu-udaram#12
many stomachs
bahu-danṣhṭrā#13
many teeth
karālam#14
terrifying
dṛiṣhṭvā#15
seeing
lokāḥ#16
all the worlds
pravyathitāḥ#17
terror-stricken
tathā#18
so also
aham#19
I
TRANSLATION LANGUAGE:
Translations (english)
Swami Adidevananda

"Beholding Your great form with many mouths and eyes, many arms, thighs, and feet, many stomachs, and terrible with many teeth, the worlds tremble, and I too quake, O mighty-armed one."

Swami Gambirananda

"O Mighty-Armed One, seeing Your immense form with many mouths, eyes, arms, thighs, feet, bellies, and teeth, the creatures are struck with terror, and so am I."

Swami Sivananda

"Having seen Your immeasurable form with many mouths and eyes, O mighty-armed one, with many arms, thighs, and feet, with many stomachs and fearsome with many teeth, the worlds are terrified, and so am I."

Dr. S. Sankaranarayan

"O Mighty-armed One! Having seen Your mighty form, with its many faces and eyes, many arms, thighs, feet, and bellies, and its terrible array of tusks, the worlds are frightened, as am I."

Shri Purohit Swami

"Seeing Thy stupendous Form, O Most Mighty One, with its myriad faces, its innumerable eyes, limbs, and terrible jaws, I myself and all the worlds are overwhelmed with awe."

Classical Commentaries (english)
Swami Sivananda

"Lokah The worlds -- all living beings in the world. Here is the cause of my fear. Arjuna describes below the nature of the Cosmic Form which has caused terror in his heart."

Bhagavad Gita

विश्वरूपदर्शनयोग (Vishwaroopa Darshana Yoga), Verse 24

नभःस्पृशं दीप्तमनेकवर्णं

व्यात्ताननं दीप्तविशालनेत्रम् ।

दृष्ट्वा हि त्वां प्रव्यथितान्तरात्मा

धृतिं न विन्दामि शमं च विष्णो ।।11.24।।

IAST Transliteration

nabhaḥ-spṛiśhaṁ dīptam aneka-varṇaṁ

vyāttānanaṁ dīpta-viśhāla-netram

dṛiṣhṭvā hi tvāṁ pravyathitāntar-ātmā

dhṛitiṁ na vindāmi śhamaṁ cha viṣhṇo

Word-by-Word Anvaya (19 Words)

Padartha breakdown
nabhaḥ-spṛiśham#1
touching the sky
dīptam#2
effulgent
aneka#3
many
varṇam#4
colors
vyātta#5
open
ānanam#6
mouths
dīpta#7
blazing
viśhāla#8
enormous
netram#9
eyes
dṛiṣhṭvā#10
seeing
hi#11
indeed
tvām#12
you
pravyathitāntar-ātmā#13
my heart is trembling with fear
dhṛitim#14
firmness
na#15
not
vindāmi#16
I find
śhamam#17
mental peace
cha#18
and
viṣhṇo#19
Lord Vishnu
TRANSLATION LANGUAGE:
Translations (english)
Swami Adidevananda

"When I behold You touching the Supreme Heaven, shining, multicolored, with yawning mouths and large, resplendent eyes, my inner being trembles in fear. I am unable to find support or peace, O Vishnu."

Swami Gambirananda

"O Vishnu, indeed, upon seeing Your form touching the heavens, blazing with many colors, open-mouthed, with fiery, large eyes, I become terrified in my mind and do not find steadiness and peace."

Swami Sivananda

"On seeing Thee, touching the sky, shining in many colors, with mouths wide open, with large fiery eyes, I am terrified at heart and find neither courage nor peace, O Vishnu."

Dr. S. Sankaranarayan

"As I observe You, touching the sky, blazing, with many colors, mouths wide open, eyes blazing and large, I am terrified in my inner soul and I do not find courage and peace, O Visnu!"

Shri Purohit Swami

"When I see You, touching the heavens, glowing with color, with open mouth and wide, fiery eyes, I am terrified. O my Lord! My courage and peace of mind abandon me."

Classical Commentaries (english)
Swami Sivananda

"Dhriti also means patience and strength. Sama also means control.The vision of the Cosmic Form has frightened Arjuna considerably."

Bhagavad Gita

विश्वरूपदर्शनयोग (Vishwaroopa Darshana Yoga), Verse 25

दंष्ट्राकरालानि च ते मुखानि

दृष्ट्वैव कालानलसन्निभानि ।

दिशो न जाने न लभे च शर्म

प्रसीद देवेश जगन्निवास ।।11.25।।

IAST Transliteration

danṣhṭrā-karālāni cha te mukhāni

dṛiṣhṭvaiva kālānala-sannibhāni

diśho na jāne na labhe cha śharma

prasīda deveśha jagan-nivāsa

Word-by-Word Anvaya (19 Words)

Padartha breakdown
danṣhṭrā#1
teeth
karālāni#2
terrible
cha#3
and
te#4
your
mukhāni#5
mouths
dṛiṣhṭvā#6
having seen
eva#7
indeed
kāla-anala#8
the fire of annihilation
sannibhāni#9
resembling
diśhaḥ#10
the directions
na#11
not
jāne#12
know
na#13
not
labhe#14
I obtain
cha#15
and
śharma#16
peace
prasīda#17
have mercy
deva-īśha#18
The Lord of lords
jagat-nivāsa#19
The shelter of the universe
TRANSLATION LANGUAGE:
Translations (english)
Swami Adidevananda

"Viewing Your mouths, presenting awe-generating fangs and looking like the consuming fire of final destruction, I know not the quarters of the globe nor do I find repose. Be gracious, O Lord of the Devas! O Abode of the universe!"

Swami Gambirananda

"Having merely seen Your mouths made terrible with their teeth and resembling the fire of Dissolution, I have lost my sense of direction and find no comfort. Be gracious, O Lord of gods, O Abode of the Universe."

Swami Sivananda

"Having seen Thy mouths fearful with teeth blazing like the fires of cosmic dissolution, I know not the four quarters, nor do I find peace. Have mercy, O Lord of the gods, O abode of the universe."

Dr. S. Sankaranarayan

"By merely seeing Your faces, which are frightening with tusks and look like the fire of destruction, I do not know the arters and get no peace. Have mercy, O Lord of gods! O Abode of the Universe!"

Shri Purohit Swami

"When I see Thy mouths with their fearful jaws, like glowing fires at the dissolution of creation, I lose all sense of place and find no rest. Be merciful, O Lord, in whom this universe abides!"

Classical Commentaries (english)
Swami Sivananda

"Jagannivasa The substratum of the universe.Kalanala The fires which consume the worlds during the final dissolution of the worlds (Pralaya). Time (Kala) is the consumer of all that is manifest.Diso no jane I do not know the four arters. I cannot distinguish the east from the west? nor the north from the south."

Bhagavad Gita

विश्वरूपदर्शनयोग (Vishwaroopa Darshana Yoga), Verse 26

अमी च त्वां धृतराष्ट्रस्य पुत्राः

सर्वे सहैवावनिपालसङ्घैः ।

भीष्मो द्रोणः सूतपुत्रस्तथाऽसौ

सहास्मदीयैरपि योधमुख्यैः ।।11.26।।

IAST Transliteration

amī cha tvāṁ dhṛitarāśhtrasya putrāḥ

sarve sahaivāvani-pāla-saṅghaiḥ

bhīṣhmo droṇaḥ sūta-putras tathāsau

sahāsmadīyair api yodha-mukhyaiḥ

vaktrāṇi te tvaramāṇā viśhanti

danṣhṭrā-karālāni bhayānakāni

kechid vilagnā daśhanāntareṣhu

sandṛiśhyante chūrṇitair uttamāṅgaiḥ

Word-by-Word Anvaya (32 Words)

Padartha breakdown
amī#1
these
cha#2
and
tvām#3
you
dhṛitarāśhtrasya#4
of Dhritarashtra
putrāḥ#5
sons
sarve#6
all
saha#7
with
eva#8
even
avani-pāla#9
their allied kings
sanghaiḥ#10
assembly
bhīṣhmaḥ#11
Bheeshma
droṇaḥ#12
Dronacharya
sūta-putraḥ#13
Karna
tathā#14
and also
asau#15
this
saha#16
with
asmadīyaiḥ#17
from our side
api#18
also
yodha-mukhyaiḥ#19
generals
vaktrāṇi#20
mouths
te#21
your
tvaramāṇāḥ#22
rushing
viśhanti#23
enter
danṣhṭrā#24
teeth
karālāni#25
terrible
bhayānakāni#26
fearsome
kechit#27
some
vilagnāḥ#28
getting stuck
daśhana-antareṣhu#29
between the teeth
sandṛiśhyante#30
are seen
chūrṇitaiḥ#31
getting smashed
uttama-aṅgaiḥ#32
heads
TRANSLATION LANGUAGE:
Translations (english)
Swami Adidevananda

"All these sons of Dhrtarastra, together with the hosts of monarchs, Bhisma, Drona, and Karna, along with the leading warriors of our side,"

Swami Gambirananda

"And into You enter all those sons of Dhrtarastra, along with multitudes of the rulers of the earth, Bhisma, Drona, and that son of a Suta, Karna, together with our prominent warriors."

Swami Sivananda

"All the sons of Dhritarashtra, along with the hosts of kings of the earth, Bhishma, Drona, and Karna, as well as the chief among our warriors."

Dr. S. Sankaranarayan

"All these sons of Dhrtarastra, along with the entire host of kings, Bhisma, Drona, and the son of the charioteer (Karna), together with the chief warriors of ours as well;"

Shri Purohit Swami

"All these sons of Dhritarashtra, along with the hosts of princes, Bheeshma, Drona, and Karna, as well as the other warrior chiefs on our side;"

Classical Commentaries (english)
Swami Sivananda

"Karna? though he was the son of Kunti? the mother of the Pandavas? was brought up by a charioteer and hence came to be regarded as his son."

Bhagavad Gita

विश्वरूपदर्शनयोग (Vishwaroopa Darshana Yoga), Verse 27

वक्त्राणि ते त्वरमाणा विशन्ति

दंष्ट्राकरालानि भयानकानि ।

केचिद्विलग्ना दशनान्तरेषु

संदृश्यन्ते चूर्णितैरुत्तमाङ्गैः ।।11.27।।

IAST Transliteration

vaktrāṇi te tvaramāṇā viśanti daṁṣṭrā-karālāni bhayānakāni kecid vilagnā daśanāntareṣu sandṛśyante cūrṇitair uttamāṅgaiḥ

Word-by-Word Anvaya (13 Words)

Padartha breakdown
vaktrāṇi#1
mouths
te#2
Your
tvaramāṇāḥ#3
fearful
viśanti#4
entering
daṁṣṭrā#5
teeth
karālāni#6
terrible
bhayānakāni#7
very fearful
kecit#8
some of them
vilagnāḥ#9
being attacked
daśanāntareṣu#10
between the teeth
sandṛśyante#11
being seen
cūrṇitaiḥ#12
smashed
uttama-aṅgaiḥ#13
by the head
TRANSLATION LANGUAGE:
Translations (english)
Swami Adidevananda

"Hasten to enter Your fearful mouths with terrible fangs, crushing some of those caught between the teeth to powder."

Swami Gambirananda

"They rapidly enter into Your terrible mouths with cruel teeth! Some are seen sticking in the gaps between the teeth, with their heads crushed!"

Swami Sivananda

"Some hurry into Your mouths with their terrible teeth, fearful to behold. Some are found stuck in the gaps between the teeth, their heads crushed to powder."

Dr. S. Sankaranarayan

"They hurry into Your fearsome mouths, with tusks that terrify; some of them, stuck between Your teeth, are clearly visible with their heads crushed."

Shri Purohit Swami

"1 See them all rushing headlong into Thy mouths, with terrible tusks, horrible to behold. Some are mangled between Thy jaws, with their heads crushed to atoms."

Classical Commentaries (english)
Swami Sivananda

"How do they enter into the mouth Arjuna continues"

Bhagavad Gita

विश्वरूपदर्शनयोग (Vishwaroopa Darshana Yoga), Verse 28

यथा नदीनां बहवोऽम्बुवेगाः

समुद्रमेवाभिमुखाः द्रवन्ति ।

तथा तवामी नरलोकवीरा

विशन्ति वक्त्राण्यभिविज्वलन्ति ।।11.28।।

IAST Transliteration

yathā nadīnāṁ bahavo ’mbu-vegāḥ

samudram evābhimukhā dravanti

tathā tavāmī nara-loka-vīrā

viśhanti vaktrāṇy abhivijvalanti

Word-by-Word Anvaya (15 Words)

Padartha breakdown
yathā#1
as
nadīnām#2
of the rivers
bahavaḥ#3
many
ambu-vegāḥ#4
water waves
samudram#5
the ocean
eva#6
indeed
abhimukhāḥ#7
toward
dravanti#8
flowing rapidly
tathā#9
similarly
tava#10
your
amī#11
these
nara-loka-vīrāḥ#12
kings of human society
viśhanti#13
enter
vaktrāṇi#14
mouths
abhivijvalanti#15
blazing
TRANSLATION LANGUAGE:
Translations (english)
Swami Adidevananda

"As many torrents of rivers flow towards the ocean, so do these heroes of the world of men enter into Your flaming mouths."

Swami Gambirananda

"As the numerous currents of the waters of rivers rush towards the sea alone, so too do those heroes of the human world enter into Your blazing mouths."

Swami Sivananda

"Verily, just as many torrents of rivers flow towards the ocean, so too these heroes in the world of men enter Thy flaming mouths."

Dr. S. Sankaranarayan

"Just as many water-rapids of the rivers race heading towards the ocean, in the same manner these heroes of the world of men enter into Your mouths, flaming all around."

Shri Purohit Swami

"As rivers in flood surge furiously towards the ocean, so these heroes, the greatest among men, fling themselves into Thy flaming mouths."

Classical Commentaries (english)
Swami Sivananda

"Ami These warriors such as Bhishma. Arjuna is now seeing all these warriors,whom he did not wish to kill? rushing to death. His delusion has vanished. He thinks now This battle cannot be avoided. It has the sanction of the Supreme Lord. Why should I worry about the inevitable The Lord has already destroyed these warriors. I am only an instrument in His hands. No sin can touch me even if I kill them. This is a just cause also.Why and how do they enter Arjuna says --"

Bhagavad Gita

विश्वरूपदर्शनयोग (Vishwaroopa Darshana Yoga), Verse 29

यथा प्रदीप्तं ज्वलनं पतङ्गा

विशन्ति नाशाय समृद्धवेगाः ।

तथैव नाशाय विशन्ति लोका

स्तवापि वक्त्राणि समृद्धवेगाः ।।11.29।।

IAST Transliteration

yathā pradīptaṁ jvalanaṁ pataṅgā

viśhanti nāśhāya samṛiddha-vegāḥ

tathaiva nāśhāya viśhanti lokās

tavāpi vaktrāṇi samṛiddha-vegāḥ

Word-by-Word Anvaya (15 Words)

Padartha breakdown
yathā#1
as
pradīptam#2
blazing
jvalanam#3
fire
pataṅgāḥ#4
moths
viśhanti#5
enter
nāśhāya#6
to be perished
samṛiddha vegāḥ#7
with great speed
tathā eva#8
similarly
nāśhāya#9
to be perished
viśhanti#10
enter
lokāḥ#11
these people
tava#12
your
api#13
also
vaktrāṇi#14
mouths
samṛiddha-vegāḥ#15
with great speed
TRANSLATION LANGUAGE:
Translations (english)
Swami Adidevananda

"As moths rush swiftly into a blazing fire, leading to their destruction, so do these men swiftly rush into Your mouths, leading to their destruction."

Swami Gambirananda

"As moths hasten with increased speed into a blazing fire for destruction, so too do creatures hasten into Your mouths with increased speed for destruction."

Swami Sivananda

"As moths hurriedly rush into a blazing fire, leading to their own destruction, so too these creatures hurry into Your mouths, leading to their own destruction."

Dr. S. Sankaranarayan

"Just as moths, with full speed, enter into the flaming fire for their own destruction, in the same manner the worlds also enter, with full speed, into the mouths of Yours for their own destruction."

Shri Purohit Swami

"As moths impetuously fly towards the flame, only to be killed, so these men rush into Your mouths to court their own destruction."

Classical Commentaries (english)
Swami Sivananda

"11.29 यथा as? प्रदीप्तम् blazing? ज्वलनम् fire? पतङ्गाः moths? विशन्ति enter? नाशाय to destruction? समृद्धवेगाः with ickened speed? तथा so? एव only? नाशाय to destruction? विशन्ति enter? लोकाः creatures? तव Thy? अपि also? वक्त्राणि mouths? समृद्धवेगाः with ickened speed.No Commentary."

Bhagavad Gita

विश्वरूपदर्शनयोग (Vishwaroopa Darshana Yoga), Verse 30

लेलिह्यसे ग्रसमानः समन्ता

ल्लोकान्समग्रान्वदनैर्ज्वलद्भिः ।

तेजोभिरापूर्य जगत्समग्रं

भासस्तवोग्राः प्रतपन्ति विष्णो ।।11.30।।

IAST Transliteration

lelihyase grasamānaḥ samantāl

lokān samagrān vadanair jvaladbhiḥ

tejobhir āpūrya jagat samagraṁ

bhāsas tavogrāḥ pratapanti viṣhṇo

Word-by-Word Anvaya (16 Words)

Padartha breakdown
lelihyase#1
you are licking
grasamānaḥ#2
devouring
samantāt#3
on all sides
lokān#4
worlds
samagrān#5
all
vadanaiḥ#6
with mouths
jvaladbhiḥ#7
blazing
tejobhiḥ#8
by effulgence
āpūrya#9
filled with
jagat#10
the universe
samagram#11
all
bhāsaḥ#12
rays
tava#13
your
ugrāḥ#14
fierce
pratapanti#15
scorching
viṣhṇo#16
Lord Vishnu
TRANSLATION LANGUAGE:
Translations (english)
Swami Adidevananda

"Devouring all the worlds on every side with your flaming mouths, you lick them up. Your fiery rays, filling the whole universe with their radiance, scorch it, O Vishnu."

Swami Gambirananda

"You lick Your lips as You devour all creatures from every side with flaming mouths that fill the entire world with heat."

Swami Sivananda

"Thou lickest up, devouring all the worlds on every side with Thy flaming mouths. Thy fierce rays, filling the whole world with radiance, burn, O Vishnu!"

Dr. S. Sankaranarayan

"Devouring, on all sides with Your blazing mouths, the entire worlds, You are licking up; Your terrible rays scorch the entire universe, filling it with their radiance, O Vishnu!"

Shri Purohit Swami

"You seem to swallow up the worlds, lapping them in flame. Your glory fills the universe. Your fierce rays beat down upon it irresistibly."

Classical Commentaries (english)
Swami Sivananda

"11.30 लेलिह्यसे (Thou) lickest? ग्रसमानः devouring? समन्तात् on every side? लोकान् the worlds? समग्रान् all? वदनैः with mouths? ज्वलद्भिः flaming? तेजोभिः with radiance? आपूर्य filling? जगत् the world? समग्रम् the whole? भासः rays? तव Thy? उग्राः fierce? प्रतपन्ति are burning? विष्णो O VishnuCommentary Vishnu means allpervading? Vyapanasila."