"Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: “O Sanjaya, what did my people and the Pāṇḍavas do, gathered together on the holy field of Kurukshetra, eager for battle?”"

"Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: O Sanjaya, what did my sons and the sons of Pandu do when they assembled on the sacred field of Kurukshetra, eager for battle?"

"Dhritarashtra said, "What did my people and the sons of Pandu do when they had assembled together, eager for battle, on the holy plain of Kurukshetra, O Sanjaya?""

"Dhritarashtra said, "O Sanjaya, what did my sons and the sons of Pandu do in the Kurukshetra, the field of righteousness, where the entire warring class had assembled?""

"The King Dhritarashtra asked, "O Sanjaya! What happened on the sacred battlefield of Kurukshetra when my people and the Pandavas gathered?""

"Sanjaya said: King Duryodhana, upon seeing the Pandava army in battle array, approached his teacher Drona and said these words."

"Sanjaya said: But then, seeing the army of the Pandavas in battle array, King Duryodhana approached the teacher, Drona, and spoke."

"Sanjaya said: Having seen the army of the Pandavas drawn up in battle array, King Duryodhana approached his teacher, Drona, and spoke these words."

"Sanjaya said: Seeing the army of the sons of Pandu marshaled in military array, the prince Duryodhana approached the teacher Drona and spoke these words at that time:"

"Sanjaya replied: "When Prince Duryodhana saw the Pandavas' army paraded, he approached his preceptor Guru Drona and spoke these words:"

"Behold, O teacher, this mighty army of the Pandavas, arrayed by the son of Drupada, your intelligent disciple."

"O teacher, behold this vast army of the sons of Pandu, arrayed for battle by the intelligent disciple of Drupada."

"Behold, O Teacher! This mighty army of the sons of Pandu, arrayed by the son of Drupada, thy wise disciple."

"O teacher! Behold this mighty army of the sons of Pandu, marshaled in a military array by Drupada's son, your intelligent pupil."

"Revered Father! Behold this mighty host of the Pandavas, paraded by the son of King Drupada, your wise disciple."

"There (in that army) are heroes, great bowmen, such as Bhima and Arjuna; Yuyudhana, Virata, and Drupada, a mighty warrior;"

"Here are the heroes wielding great bows, who in battle are peers of Bhima and Arjuna: Yuyudhana (Satyaki) and Virata, and the maharatha (great chariot-rider) Drupada;"

"Here are heroes, mighty archers, equal in battle to Bhima and Arjuna, Yuyudhana (Satyaki), Virata, and Drupada—all mighty warriors."

"Here are the heroes and mighty archers, comparable in war to Bhima and Arjuna: Yuyudhana, the king of the Virata country, and Drupada, the mighty warrior."

"In it are heroes and great bowmen; the equals in battle of Arjuna, Bheema, Yuyudhana, Virata, and Drupada—all great soldiers."

"Dhrstaketu, Cekitana, the valiant king of Kasi, Purujit, Kuntibhoja, and Saibya, the best among men;"

"Dhrstaketu, Cekitana, and the valiant king of Kasi (Varanasi); Purujit, Kuntibhoja, and Saibya, the choicest of men;"

"Dhrishtaketu, Chekitana, the valiant king of Kasi, Purujit, Kuntibhoja, and Saibya—the best of men."

"Dhrstaketu, Cekitana, the valorous king of Kasi, Kuntibhoja, the conqueror of many, and the Sibi king, the best among men;"

"Dhrishtaketu, Chekitan, the valiant king of Benares, Purujit, Kuntibhoja, and Shaibya—a master of many."

"Yudhamanyu, the valiant one, and Uttamaujas, the strong one; and also the son of Subhadra, as well as the sons of Draupadi, all mighty warriors."

"And the valiant Yudhamanyu, and the chivalrous Uttamaujas; the son of Subhadra (Abhimanyu) and the sons of Draupadi—all of them are, indeed, maharathas."

"The strong Yudhamanyu and the brave Uttamaujas, the son of Subhadra (Abhimanyu, the son of Subhadra and Arjuna), and the sons of Draupadi, all of them great charioteers (great heroes).""

"And Yudhamanyu, the heroic, and Uttamaujas, the valiant, the son of Subhadra, and the sons of Draupadi—all of them are indeed mighty warriors."

"Yudhamanyu, Uttamouja, Soubhadra, and the sons of Droupadi—all famous men."

"Know, O best of Brahmanas, those who are important on our side—those who are the commanders of my army. I shall name them to refresh your memory."

"But, O best among the Brahmanas, please be appraised of those who are foremost among us, the founders of my army. I speak of them to you by way of illustration."

"Know also, O best among the twice-born! the names of those who are the most distinguished amongst ourselves, the leaders of my army; these I name to you for your information."

"O best among the twice-born! Please take note of the most distinguished amongst us, who are the generals of my army and who are accepted as leaders by the heroes in my mighty army; I shall name them to you."

"No changes needed."

"Yourself, Bhisma, Karna, the victorious Krpa, Asvatthama, Vikarna, and Jayadratha, the son of Somadatta;"

"(They are): Your venerable self, Bhisma, Karna, and Krpa, who is ever victorious in battle; Asvatthama, Vikarna, Saumadatti, and Jayadratha."

""Thou thyself, Bhishma, Karna, Kripa, the victorious in war, Asvatthama, Vikarna, and Bhurisrava, the son of Somadatta—all these are ready for battle.""

"Your good self, Bhisma, Karna, Krpa, Salya, Jayadratha, Asvatthaman, Vikarna, and Somadatta's son, the valiant ones."

"You come first; then Bheeshma, Karna, Kripa, great warriors; Ashwaththama, Vikarna, and the son of Somadhatta;"

"And there are many other heroes who are determined to give up their lives for my sake. They are all experts in using manifold missiles and dexterous in battle."

"There are many heroes who have dedicated their lives to me, possessing various kinds of weapons and missiles, all of whom are skilled in battle."

"And also many other heroes, ready to give up their lives for my sake, armed with various weapons and missiles, all well-skilled in battle."

"And many other heroes, giving up their lives for my sake, fighting with various weapons, all highly skilled in different forms of warfare."

"And many others, all ready to die for My sake; all armed, all skilled in warfare."

"Our force is inadequate, guarded by Bhisma, while their force is adequate, guarded by Bhima."

"Therefore, our army, under the complete protection of Bhisma and others, is limitless. But this army of the enemies, under the protection of Bhima and others, is limited."

"Our army, marshalled by Bhishma, is insufficient, whereas theirs, marshalled by Bhima, is sufficient."

"Thus, the army guarded by Bhima is unlimited for us, whereas the army guarded by Bhisma is sufficient for them, the Pandavas."

"Yet our army seems weaker, though commanded by Bhishma; their army seems stronger, though commanded by Bhima."

"Therefore, all of you, taking your places firmly in your respective divisions, should guard Bhisma at all costs."

"However, venerable sirs, all of you without exception, while occupying all the positions in the different directions as allotted to you respectively, please protect Bhisma in particular."

"Therefore, do all of you, stationed in your respective positions in the several divisions of the army, protect Bhishma alone."

"Stationed firmly in all their respective paths, each one of them should guard Bhisma above all, without exception."

"Therefore, let the rank and file stand firm in their posts according to battalions, and all you generals around Bheeshma."

"Then the valiant grandsire Bhisma, the senior-most of the Kuru clan, roared like a lion and blew his conch with the intention of cheering up Duryodhana."

"The valiant grandfather, the eldest of the Kurus, loudly sounding a lion's roar, blew the conch to raise his (Duryodhana's) spirits."

"His glorious grandsire, the oldest of the Kauravas, roared like a lion to cheer Duryodhana and blew his conch."

"Generating joy in him, the powerful paternal grandfather (Bhisma), the senior-most among the Kurus, roared like a lion and blew his conchshell loudly."

"Then, to enliven his spirits, the brave Grandfather Bheeshma, the eldest of the Kuru clan, blew his conch, its sound resembling that of a lion's roar."

"Then suddenly conchs, kettle drums, trumpets, tabors, and blow horns blared forth, and the sound was terrific."

"Just immediately afterward, conch shells, kettledrums, tabors, trumpets, and cow-horns blared forth, creating a tumultuous sound."

"Then, suddenly, conches, kettledrums, tabors, drums, and cow horns blared forth from the Kaurava side, and the sound was tremendous."

"Then, all of a sudden, the conch-shells, drums, tambourines, trumpets, and cow-horns sounded in unison; the sound was tumultuous."

"And immediately, all the conches, drums, trumpets, and horns blared forth in a tumultuous uproar."

"Then Sri Krishna and Arjuna, stationed in their great chariot yoked with white horses, blew their divine conchs."

"Then Madhava (Krishna) and the son of Pandu (Arjuna), stationed in their magnificent chariot with white horses yoked to it, blew their divine conchs loudly."

"Then, Madhava (Krishna) and the son of Pandu (Arjuna), seated in the magnificent chariot yoked with white horses, blew divine conches."

"Then, mounted on a mighty chariot, yoked with white horses, Madhava (Krishna) and the son of Pandu (Arjuna) blew their heavenly conch shells."

"Then, seated in their spacious war chariot, yoked with white horses, Lord Shri Krishna and Arjuna sounded their divine conch shells."

"Sri Krishna blew his conch, Pancajanya, Arjuna his Devadatta, and Bhima of terrible deeds blew his great conch, Paundra."

"Hrsikesa (Krsna) blew the conch Pancajanya; Dhananjaya (Arjuna) blew the conch Devadatta; and Vrkodara (Bhima) of terrible deeds blew the great conch Paundra."

"Hrishikesha blew the Panchajanya, Arjuna blew the Devadatta, and Bhima, the wolf-bellied doer of terrible deeds, blew the great conch Paundra."

"Hrsikesa (Krsna) blew the Pancajanya; Dhananjaya (Arjuna) blew the Devadatta; and Bhima, of the terrible deeds, blew the mighty conchshell, Paundra."

"Lord Shri Krishna blew his Panchajanya, and Arjuna blew his Devadatta; brave Bheema blew his renowned shell, Poundra."

"King Yudhisthira, the son of Kunti, blew his conch, Anantavijaya, and Nakula and Sahadeva blew their conchs, Sughosa and Manipuspaka."

"King Yudhisthira, son of Kunti, blew the Anantavijaya; Nakula and Sahadeva blew the Sughosa and the Manipuspaka, respectively."

"King Yudhishthira, the son of Kunti, blew the Anantavijaya; Nakula and Sahadeva blew the Sughosha and the Manipushpaka."

"Kunti's son, the king Yudhisthira, blew the Anantavijaya; Nakula and Sahadeva blew the Sughosa and Manipuspaka, respectively."

"The King Dharmaraja, the son of Kunti, blew the Anantavijaya, Nakula, and Sahadeva, the Sughosa and Manipushpaka, respectively."

"And the King of Kasi, the supreme bowman, Sikandi the mighty warrior, Dhrstadyumna, and Virata; and Satyaki, the invincible;"

"And the King of Kashi, wielding a great bow, and the great chariot-rider Sikhandin, Dhrstadyumna, Virata, and Satyaki the unconquered;"

"The king of Kasi, an excellent archer, Sikhandi, the mighty car-warrior, Dhrishtadyumna, Virata, and Satyaki, the unconquered."

"And the king of Kasi, a great archer, and Sikhandin, a mighty warrior; Dhrstadyumna and the king of Virata, and the unconquered Satyaki;"

"And the Maharaja of Benares, the great archer, Shikhandi, the great soldier, Dhrishtayumna, Virata, and Satyaki, the invincible one,"

"Drupada and the sons of Draupadi, as well as the strong-armed son of Subhadra—all, O King, blew their respective conchs again and again."

"Drupada and the sons of Draupadi, as well as the mighty-armed son of Subhadra, all of them together, O king, blew their respective conchs."

"Drupada and the sons of Draupadi, O Lord of the Earth, and the son of Subhadra, the mighty-armed, blew their conches each separately."

"The Pancala king, a mighty archer, and Draupad's five sons, as well as the mighty-armed son of Subhadra, each blew their own conch-shells individually."

"And, O King! Drupada's sons, Droupadi's sons, and the great soldier Soubhadra blew their conches."

"And that tumultuous uproar, reverberating through heaven and earth, rent the hearts of Dhrtarastra's sons."

"That tremendous sound pierced the hearts of the sons of Dhrtarastra as it reverberated through the sky and the earth."

"The tumultuous sound rent the hearts of Dhritarashtra's party, reverberating through both heaven and earth."

"Resonating in both the sky and the earth, the tumultuous sound shattered the hearts of Dhrtarastra's men."

"The tumult rent the hearts of the sons of Dhritarashtra, shaking heaven and earth with its echoing violence."

"Then Arjuna, whose banner crest was Hanuman, on beholding the sons of Dhrtarastra arrayed, took up his bow, while missiles were beginning to fly."

"O King, thereafter, seeing Dhrtarastra's men standing in their positions, with all the weapons ready for action, the son of Pandu, Arjuna, who had the insignia of Hanuman on his chariot-flag, raised his bow and said the following to Hrsikesa."

"Then, seeing the people of Dhritarashtra's party standing arrayed and the discharge of weapons about to begin, Arjuna, the son of Pandu whose ensign was a monkey, took up his bow and said the following to Krishna, O Lord of the Earth."

"O king! Then, observing Dhrtarastra's men arrayed when the armed clash had virtually begun, at that time, Pandu's son, the monkey-bannered one (Arjuna), raising his bow, spoke these sentences."

"Then, upon beholding the sons of Dhritarashtra, drawn up on the battlefield, ready to fight, Arjuna, whose flag bore the image of Hanuman,"

"And he spoke, O Lord of the Earth, these words to Sri Krishna: Arjuna said, “Draw up my chariot, O Krishna, between the two armies."

"Arjuna said, "O Acyuta, please place my chariot between both the armies.""

"Arjuna said, "O Krishna, place my chariot in the middle between the two armies, so that I may behold those who stand here, desirous to fight, and know with whom I must fight when the battle is about to commence.""

"Arjuna said, O Acyuta! Please halt my chariot at a central place between the two armies, so that I may scrutinize these men who are standing with a desire to fight and with whom I have to engage in this great war-effort."

"Raising his bow, he spoke this to the Lord Shri Krishna: O Infallible Lord of the earth! Please draw up my chariot between the two armies."

"So that I may have a good look at those who are standing, eager to fight, and know with whom I must fight in this enterprise of war."

"Until I survey those who stand intent on fighting and those who are about to engage in battle with me in this impending war."

"Arjuna said, "O Krishna, place my chariot in the middle between the two armies, so that I may behold those who stand here, desirous to fight, and know with whom I must fight when the battle is about to commence.""

"I shall scrutinize those who are ready to fight, who have assembled here and are eager to achieve in the battle what is dear to the evil-minded son of Dhrtarastra."

"So that I may observe those who must fight on my side and those who must fight against me."

"I wish to see those gathered here ready to fight in this battle in order to please the evil-minded son of Dhrtarashtra."

"These who have assembled here and want to accomplish in the war what is dear to the perverted son of Dhrtarastra, I find them to be intent on fighting."

"For I desire to observe those who are assembled here to fight, wishing to please in battle the evil-minded Duryodhana—the son of Dhritarashtra."

"Sanjaya said, "O descendant of Bharata (Dhrtarastra)! Thus instructed by Gudakesa (Arjuna), Hrsikesa halted the best chariot at a place in between the two armies, in front of Bhisma and Drona and all the rulers of the earth. He then said, 'O son of Prtha! Behold these Kurus, assembled.'""

"And gaze upon this array of soldiers, eager to please the sons of Dhritarashtra who are sinful."

"Sanjaya said: Thus addressed by Arjuna, Sri Krishna drew up the best of chariots between the two armies, in full view of Bhisma, Drona, and all the other kings, O Dhrtarastra. He then said, "O Arjuna, behold these assembled Kauravas.""

"Sanjaya said, "O scion of the line of Bharata, Hrishikesa, being told so by Gudakesa (Arjuna), placed the excellent chariot between the two armies, in front of Bhishma and Drona as well as all the rulers of the earth, and said, 'O Partha, behold these assembled Kurus!'""

"Sanjaya said, Thus addressed by Arjuna, Krishna stationed the best of chariots, O Dhritarashtra, in the midst of the two armies."

"Sanjaya said, "O descendant of Bharata (Dhrtarastra)! Thus instructed by Gudakesa (Arjuna), Hrsikesa halted the best chariot at a place in between the two armies, in front of Bhisma and Drona and all the rulers of the earth. He then said, 'O son of Prtha! Behold these Kurus, assembled.""

"Sanjaya said: "Having listened to Arjuna's request, Lord Shri Krishna drew up His bright chariot in the midst between the two armies."

"Sanjaya said: Thus addressed by Arjuna, Sri Krishna drew up the best of chariots between the two armies, in full view of Bhisma, Drona, and all the other kings, O Dhrtarastra. He then said, "O Arjuna, behold these assembled Kauravas.""

"Sanjaya said, "O scion of the line of Bharata (Dhrtarashtra), Hrsikesa, being told so by Gudakesa (Arjuna), placed the excellent chariot between the two armies, in front of Bhisma and Drona as well as all the rulers of the earth, and said, 'O Partha (Arjuna), behold these assembled people of the Kuru dynasty.'""

"In front of Bhishma and Drona, and all the rulers of the earth, he said: "O Arjuna, son of Pritha, behold these Kurus gathered together.""

"There in both the armies, the son of Prtha observed his fathers, paternal grandfathers, teachers, maternal uncles, brothers, sons, sons' sons, and comrades, fathers-in-law, and also friends."

"Where Bheeshma and Drona had led all the rulers of the earth, they spoke thus: O Arjuna! Behold, these members of the family of Kuru are assembled."

"Then, as Arjuna looked on, he saw standing there fathers, grandfathers, teachers, uncles, brothers, sons, grandsons, and comrades."

"Then Arjuna saw, marshalled among both the armies, his uncles, grandfathers, teachers, maternal uncles, brothers, cousins, sons, grandsons, comrades, fathers-in-law, and friends."

"Then, Arjuna (son of Pritha) saw there (in the armies) stationed fathers, grandfathers, teachers, maternal uncles, brothers, sons, grandsons, and friends."

"Noticing all those kinsmen arrayed in the army, the son of Kunti was overwhelmed with immense compassion and, despondent, he uttered this:"

"There, Arjuna noticed fathers, grandfathers, uncles, cousins, sons, grandsons, teachers, and friends."

"Fathers-in-law and dear friends in both armies, when Arjuna saw all these kinsmen arrayed,"

"The son of Kunti, Arjuna, seeing all those relatives arrayed there, became overwhelmed by supreme compassion and sorrowfully said this:"

"He saw fathers-in-law and friends in both the armies. The son of Kunti, Arjuna, seeing all those kinsmen thus standing arrayed, spoke sorrowfully, deeply filled with pity."

"Arjuna said, "O Krishna! On seeing these war-mongering kinsfolk of mine arrayed in the armies, my limbs fail and my mouth goes dry.""

"Fathers-in-law and benefactors were arrayed on both sides, and Arjuna then gazed at all those kinsmen before him."

"He was filled with deep compassion and said these words in despair:"

"Arjuna said, "O Krsna, seeing these relatives and friends who have assembled here with the intention of fighting, my limbs become languid and my mouth becomes completely dry.""

"Arjuna said, "O Krishna, seeing my kinsmen arrayed here, eager to fight,"

"Shivers and goosebumps arise in my body; the Gandiva slips from my hand and my skin is burning all over."

"And his heart melted with pity, and sadly he spoke: "O my Lord! When I see all these, my own people, thirsting for battle,"

"My limbs have weakened, my mouth has become parched, my body is trembling, and my hairs are standing on end."

"And there is trembling in my body, and my hair stands on end; the Gandiva (bow) slips from my hand and my skin burns intensely."

"My limbs fail, my mouth is parched, my body quivers, and my hair stands on end."

"I am unable even to stand steady; my mind seems to be confused; and I see adverse omens, O Kesava!"

"My limbs are failing me, my throat is parched, my body is trembling, and my hair is standing on end."

"The bow Gandiva slips from my hand and my skin is burning. I can no longer stand. My mind seems to be reeling."

"Moreover, O Kesava (Krishna), I am not able to stand firmly, and my mind seems to be whirling. And I observe the omens to be adverse."

"The Gandiva slips from my hand, and my skin burns all over; I am unable to stand, and my mind is reeling, as it were."

"I do not foresee any good in killing my own kinsmen in the battle. O Krsna! I neither wish for victory, nor kingdom, nor the pleasures thereof."

"The bow Gandiva slips from my hand, and my skin burns. I cannot remain still, for my mind is in tumult."

"I see, Kṛṣṇa, inauspicious omens. I foresee no good in slaying my kinsmen in battle."

"Besides, I do not see any good to be derived from killing my own people in battle. O Krsna, I do not hanker after victory, nor even a kingdom, nor pleasures."

"And I see ill omens, O Kesava. I do not see any good in slaying my kinsmen in battle."

"O Govinda! What use is the kingdom to us? What use are its pleasures and life even?"

"The omens are unfavorable; what good can come from the slaughter of my people on this battlefield?"

"I desire no victory, nor empire, nor pleasures. What have we to do with empire, O Krishna, or enjoyment, or even life?"

"O Govinda! What need do we have of a kingdom, or what need of enjoyments and livelihood? Those for whom kingdom, enjoyments, and pleasures are desired by us—such as teachers, uncles, fathers-in-law, grandsons, brothers-in-law, as well as relatives—those very ones stand arrayed for battle, risking their lives and wealth."

"I desire not victory, O Krishna, nor kingdom, nor pleasures. What use is dominion to us, O Krishna, or pleasures or even life?"

"For whose sake we seek kingdom, its pleasures and happiness, the very same persons now stand arrayed to fight, giving up their lives and wealth."

"Ah, my Lord! I do not crave victory, nor a kingdom, nor any pleasure. What would a kingdom, happiness, or life be to me?"

"Those for whose sake we desire empire, enjoyment, and pleasures, stand here in war, renouncing life and wealth."

"- O Govinda! What need do we have of a kingdom, or what need of enjoyments and livelihood? Those for whom kingdom, enjoyments, and pleasures are desired by us—such as teachers, uncles, fathers-in-law, grandsons, brothers-in-law, as well as relatives—those very ones stand arrayed for battle, risking their lives and wealth."

"Those for whose sake we desire kingdom, enjoyments, and pleasures stand here in battle, having renounced life and wealth."

"These are our teachers, fathers, sons, paternal grandfathers, maternal uncles, fathers-in-law, sons' sons, wives' brothers, and other relatives."

"When those for whose sake I desire these things stand here, about to sacrifice their property and lives:"

"all these are to be regarded as one's own self. Teachers, fathers, sons, grandfathers, uncles, fathers-in-law, grandsons, brothers-in-law, and other kinsmen—all these are to be regarded as one's own self."

"- O Govinda! What need do we have of a kingdom, or what need of enjoyments and livelihood? Those for whom kingdom, enjoyments, and pleasures are desired by us—such as teachers, uncles, fathers-in-law, grandsons, brothers-in-law, as well as relatives—those very ones stand arrayed for battle, risking their lives and wealth."

"Teachers, fathers, sons, and grandfathers, maternal uncles, fathers-in-law, grandsons, brothers-in-law, and other relatives—"

"O slayer of Mandhu (Krsna)! I do not desire to slay these men, even though they slay me, not even for the sake of the kingdom of the three worlds, let alone for the sake of the earth."

"Teachers, fathers, grandfathers, sons, grandsons, uncles, fathers-in-law, brothers-in-law, and other relatives."

"I would not slay them, even if they might slay me, for the sovereignty of the three worlds—how much less for this earth, O Krsna?"

"O Madhusudana, even if I am killed, I do not want to kill these even for the sake of a kingdom extending across the three worlds; let alone doing so for the earth!"

"These I do not wish to kill, O Krishna, even though they kill me, for the sake of dominion over the three worlds; leave alone killing them for the sake of the earth.""

"What joy would we gain by slaying Dhrtarastra's sons, O Janardana?"

"I would not kill them, even for three worlds; why then for this earth alone? It matters not if I myself am killed."

"If we were to kill the sons of Dhrtarastra, what joy would be ours, O Krsna? Sin alone would accrue to us if we killed these murderous felons."

"O Janardana, what happiness will we gain by killing the sons of Dhrtarastra? We will only incur sin by killing these wrongdoers."

"By killing these sons of Dhritarashtra, what pleasure could be ours, O Janardana? Only sin would accrue to us from killing these felons."

"Nothing but sin would slay these desperadoes and take hold of us; therefore, we should not slay Dhrtarastra's sons, our own relatives."

"My Lord! What happiness can come from the death of these sons of Dhritarashtra? We shall be committing a sin if we kill these desperate men."

"Therefore, it is not befitting for us to slay our kin, the sons of Dhrtarastra. For if we kill our kinsmen, O Krsna, how can we be happy?"

"Therefore, it is not proper for us to kill the sons of Dhrtarastra, who are our own relatives. For, O Madhava, how can we be happy by killing our kinsmen?"

"Therefore, we should not kill the sons of Dhritarashtra, our relatives; for how can we be happy by killing our own kin, O Madhava (Krishna)?"

"How could we be truly happy, O Madhava, after slaying our own kinsmen?"

"We are worthy of a nobler feat than slaughtering our relatives—the sons of Dhritarashtra; for, my Lord, how can we be happy if we kill our kinsmen?"

"Though these people, whose minds are overpowered by greed, see no evil in the destruction of a clan and no sin in treachery to friends,"

"- O Janardana, although these people, whose hearts have become perverted by greed, do not see the evil arising from destroying the family and sinning in hostility towards friends, yet how can we, who clearly see the evil arising from destroying the family, remain unaware of the need to abstain from this sin?"

"Though they, with intelligence overpowered by greed, see no evil in the destruction of families and no sin in hostility to friends,"

"Of course, these (Dhrtarastra's sons), with their intellects overpowered by greed, do not see the evil consequences ensuing from the ruin of the family and the sin of cheating friends."

"Although these men, blinded by greed, see no guilt in destroying their kin or fighting against their friends,"

"Why should we not learn to shun this crime—we who see the evil of ruining a clan, O Krishna?"

"- O Janardana, although these people, whose hearts have become perverted by greed, do not see the evil arising from destroying the family and sinning in hostility towards friends, yet how can we, who clearly see the evil arising from destroying the family, remain unaware of the need to abstain from this sin?"

"Why should we not, who clearly see the evil in the destruction of families, learn to turn away from this sin, O Janardana (Krishna)?"

"But, perceiving clearly the evil consequences ensuing from the ruin of the family, should we not have sense enough to refrain from this sinful act, O Janardana?"

"Should we not, whose eyes are open and who consider it wrong to annihilate our family, turn away from such a great crime?"

" With the ruin of a clan, its ancient traditions perish, and when traditions perish, lawlessness overtakes the whole clan."

"From the ruin of the family, the traditional rites and duties are totally destroyed. When rites and duties are destroyed, vice overwhelms the entire family."

"In the destruction of a family, the immemorial religious rites of that family perish; on the destruction of spirituality, impiety indeed, overwhelms the whole family."

"When a family ruins, the eternal duties of the family perish; when the duties perish, impiety inevitably dominates the entire family."

"The destruction of our kindred means the destruction of the traditions of our ancient lineage, and when these are lost, irreligion will overrun our homes."

"When lawlessness prevails, O Krsna, the women of the clan become corrupted; when women become corrupted, there arises an intermixing of classes."

"O Krishna, when vice predominates, the women of the family become corrupt. O descendant of the Vrsnis, when women become corrupted, it results in the intermingling of castes."

"O Krishna, by the prevalence of impiety, the women of the family become corrupt; and, when women are corrupted, O Varshenya (descendant of Vrishni), intermingling of castes arises."

"O Krsna, due to the domination of impiety, the women of the family become corrupt. O member of the Vrsni-clan, when the women become corrupt, there arises the intermixture of castes."

"When irreligion spreads, the women of the house start to stray; when they lose their purity, adulteration of the lineage follows."

"This mixing of classes leads to hell for the clan itself and its destroyers; for the spirits of their ancestors fall degraded, deprived of the ritual offerings of food and water."

"And the intermingling in the family leads the ruiners of the family verily into hell. The forefathers of these fall down (into hell) due to being deprived of the offerings of rice-balls and water."

"Confusion of castes leads to hell for the slayers of the family, for their forebears fall, deprived of the offerings of rice-balls and libations of water."

"The intermixture leads the family-ruiners and their families to nothing but hell; for, their ancestors (their individual souls) fall down [in hell], being deprived of the rites of offering rice-balls and water [intended for them]."

"Promiscuity ruins both the family and those who defile it; while the souls of our ancestors droop, due to the lack of funeral cakes and ablutions."

"By the sins of the clan-destroyers who bring about intermixing of classes, the ancient traditions of the clans and classes are destroyed."

"Due to the misdeeds of the ruiners of the family, which cause intermingling of castes, the traditional rites and duties of the castes and families are destroyed."

"By these evil deeds of the destroyers of the family, which cause confusion of castes, the eternal religious rites of the caste and the family are destroyed."

"On account of these evils of the family-ruiners that cause the intermixing of castes, the eternal caste-duties and family-duties fall into disuse."

"By the destruction of our lineage and the pollution of our blood, ancient class traditions and family purity alike perish."

"For those whose clan laws are destroyed, dwelling in hell is ordained, O Krishna; thus, we have heard."

"O Janardana, we have heard that living in hell is inevitable for those whose family duties are destroyed."

"We have heard, O Janardana, that those men in whose families the religious practices have been destroyed are inevitably destined to dwell in hell for an unknown period."

"O Janardana! Dwelling in hell is certain for men whose family duties have fallen into disuse; this we have heard."

"The wise say, my Lord, that they are forever lost whose ancient traditions have been lost."

"Alas! We have resolved to commit a great sin, for we are ready to slay our kin out of desire for sovereignty and enjoyment."

"What a pity that we have resolved to commit a great sin, eager to kill our own kith and kin out of greed for the pleasures of a kingdom!"

"Alas! We are involved in a great sin, for we are prepared to kill our kinsmen, out of greed for the pleasures of a kingdom."

"Alas! What a great sin have we resolved to commit! For, out of greed for the joy of the kingdom, we are striving to slay our own kinfolk!"

"Alas, it is strange that we should be willing to kill our own countrymen and commit a great sin, in order to enjoy the pleasures of kingdom."

"If the well-armed sons of Dhrtarastra should slay me in battle, unresisting and unarmed, that would be better for me."

"If, in this battle, the sons of Dhrtarastra, armed with weapons, kill me, who am non-resistant and unarmed, that will be more beneficial for me."

"If the sons of Dhritarashtra, with weapons in hand, should slay me in battle, unresisting and unarmed, that would be better for me."

"It would be more beneficial for me if Dhrtarastra's men, with weapons in their hands, should slay me, unresisting and unarmed."

"If, on the contrary, the sons of Dhritarashtra, with weapons in hand, should slay me, unarmed and unresisting, surely that would be better for my welfare!"

"Sanjaya said: Having spoken thus on the battlefield, Arjuna threw aside his bow and arrows and sat down on the chariot seat, his heart overwhelmed with grief."

"Sanjaya narrated: Having said so, Arjuna, with a mind afflicted by sorrow, sat down on the chariot in the midst of the battle, casting aside his bow along with the arrows."

"Sanjaya said, Having thus spoken in the midst of the battlefield, Arjuna cast away his bow and arrow and, his mind overwhelmed with sorrow, sat down on the seat of the chariot."

"Sanjaya said, Having said this much about the battle, and letting his bow and arrows fall, Arjuna sat down on the back of the chariot, his mind agitated with grief."

"Sanjaya said: "Having spoken thus, Arjuna sank into the seat of his chariot, discarding his bow and arrow, overwhelmed with grief in the midst of the armies.""